https://repositorio.ufra.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/16 Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações. 2026-07-28T00:40:37Z https://repositorio.ufra.edu.br/jspui/handle/riufra/2893 Título: Biologia reprodutiva do Peixe Voador Hemiodus unimaculatus na Vila Tauiry, área de influência da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí - PA Autor(es): SILVA, Maria Clara Rosa Abstract: This study compiles information on the ecological and reproductive aspects of the flying fish Hemiodus unimaculatus in the area influenced by the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant (PA, Brazil). The literature review showed that this species, a member of the family Hemiodontidae, has a wide distribution throughout the Amazon basin and exhibits remarkable trophic plasticity. Previous studies indicate that, prior to river impoundment, its diet was predominantly detritivorous and periphytic. After the formation of the reservoir, it began to display more diversified feeding habits, including omnivorous strategies. Additionally, changes in the average body size of individuals and a reduction in relative frequency in sampling surveys were observed, suggesting significant effects of damming on the local population. From a reproductive perspective, the species reaches first sexual maturation between 11 and 15 cm and exhibits an extended reproductive period from October to April, associated with the seasonality of the Amazonian flood pulse. A predominance of females has been recorded, a strategy that may maximize reproductive success but raises concerns regarding the potential reduction of genetic diversity. In Chapter 2, the histological analysis of spermatogenesis revealed testes with an anastomosed tubular pattern, typical of Characiformes, and cystic spermatogenesis characterized by synchronized development of germ cells. Four types of spermatogonia, different meiotic stages, three types of spermatids, and type III spermiogenesis were described, evidencing a continuous process of gamete production. The spermatozoa exhibited a rounded head and a long flagellum, a conformation adapted to external fertilization in aquatic environments. These findings reinforce the importance of understanding the reproductive biology and ecology of the species, providing essential support for management and conservation strategies in the face of pressures from impounded environments and hydrological modifications imposed by Amazonian dams. 2026-05-22T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufra.edu.br/jspui/handle/riufra/2892 Título: Eficiência técnica do ensino médio estadual no brasil e implicações para a gestão pública: evidências por DEA Autor(es): MONTEIRO, Allan Pinheiro Abstract: The assessment of technical efficiency in upper secondary education provision represents a central challenge for educational public management in Brazil, given the regional heterogeneity and fiscal constraints that characterize the sector. The research question guiding this study is: how is technical efficiency configured in state-level upper secondary education across Brazilian states, considering their relative capacity to transform available resources into learning outcomes? The general objective is to evaluate this technical efficiency through the application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), adopting a comparative approach to relative efficiency. The 27 Federation Units were treated as Decision-Making Units, using 2023 data from the School Census, SIOPE, and the Continuous PNAD. Inputs included: teachers, state schools, schools with internet access, schools with libraries, and educational expenditure; outputs included: IDEB and the enrollment rate of the population aged 15 to 17 years. Results reveal that, under the CCR model (constant returns to scale), only 2 states (7.4%) are efficient; under the BCC model (variable returns to scale), 9 states (33.3%) achieve the efficiency frontier, including São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Santa Catarina, Goiás, the Federal District, Acre, and Roraima. Benchmarking analysis identified Espírito Santo as a recurrent reference for 15 of the 18 inefficient units. For the state of Pará, feasible targets were projected: raising IDEB from 4.3 to 4.5 and the enrollment rate from 88.5% to 92.7%, while maintaining current resources. The study contributes theoretically by validating the hypothesis of decreasing returns to scale in the educational public sector; methodologically, by demonstrating that the integrated application of the CCR and BCC models clearly distinguishes structural and managerial components of inefficiency; and practically, by offering a Technical-Technological Product (Technical Guide) delivered to the State Department of Education of Pará (SEDUC-PA). It is concluded that inefficiency in state-level upper secondary education is not homogeneous, manifesting in a dual form – structural (associated with scale) and managerial (associated with resource use) – which requires differentiated interventions and guides public management toward the improvement of governance and resource allocation. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufra.edu.br/jspui/handle/riufra/2891 Título: Avaliação das águas superficiais da bacia hidrográfica do baixo tocantis, Pará, Brasil: Um panorama no espaço e no tempo Autor(es): MELO http://lattes.cnpq.br/3542869559542094, Adriana da cruz; banca 1 ALVES JÚNIOR http://lattes.cnpq.br/2566643607928091, Flavio de Almeida; banca 2 LIMA http://lattes.cnpq.br/8021186707342335, Mauricio Willians de https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9092-8731; banca 3 CHAGAS http://lattes.cnpq.br/9393899936340805, Rafael Anaisce das https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1555-6154 Abstract: Preserving water quality is essential for human survival and environmental conservation. Despite Brazil possessing the largest amount of freshwater in the world, it faces a water crisis throughout its territory due to problems such as lack of sanitation, pollution from agriculture, and lack of water reuse. The Tocantins-Araguaia River basin, the second largest in the country, encompasses a vast area with 430 municipalities distributed across the states of Pará, Maranhão, Tocantins, Goiás, and Mato Grosso. This study focuses on the Lower Tocantins region in northeastern Pará, where abiotic and biotic water parameters will be evaluated to understand the environmental dynamics. Factors such as land use, anthropogenic actions, and periods of intense rainfall influence water quality, increasing turbidity and nutrient levels, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which can lead to eutrophication. CONAMA Resolution 357/2005 is a fundamental instrument for monitoring water quality standards in Brazil, contributing to the sustainable use of this vital resource. This study aimed to evaluate environmental parameters, calculate the Trophic State Index (TSI), and analyze the influence of seasonality, focusing on eleven points distributed across seven municipalities in Pará state, in order to support the planning of water preservation actions in the region. The results show the influence of seasonality on water quality, with higher values of electrical conductivity in the less rainy period (79 μS cm⁻¹) compared to the rainy period (65 μS cm⁻¹), indicating a higher concentration of dissolved ions. Chlorophyll a was also higher in the less rainy period (12.2 μg L⁻¹) compared to the rainy period (9.8 μg L⁻¹), suggesting a greater supply of nutrients. Turbidity was higher during the less rainy period (97 NTU), while dissolved oxygen remained close to 6.4 mg L⁻¹ in both periods. The Trophic State Index ranged from 51.32 to 52.11, indicating a mesotrophic condition and the influence of seasonality on the limnological dynamics of the region. 2026-05-22T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ufra.edu.br/jspui/handle/riufra/2888 Título: Dinâmica de nutrientes na solução do solo em um sistema agroflorestal em implantação. Autor(es): MARTINS, Ana Regina Araújo Abstract: The agroforestry systems constitute an alternatíve to produce foods, wood and other non-wooden products, also playing an excellent role in the conservation and maintenance ofthe functions oftropical ecosystems. That being so, a agroforestry system with maize, cowpea, jack beans and cassava in rotation were studied in the area of CEPLAC, following the procedures ofthe Program" SHIFT - Studies on Human Impact on Forests and Floodplains in the Tropics ", in Benevides, Pará, near Belém. During the studied period between 1995/1996, the following parameters were registered: precipitation and saturation ofthe soil water (tensiometers in the depths 10, 45 and 145 cm), the chemical composition of the solution of rain (rain gauges) and the ground (lysimeters in depths 25, 40, 60 and 110 cm), the exported harvest ofthe field and its content of nutrients, and the residue from the remaining biomass in the field and its content of nutrients. The emphasis was in the study of the fluctuations in the chemical composition ofthe soil solution and in its dependence on the human activity in the field, aiming to get adaptable information to the reality ofsmall and medium producers. The most important observation verified was that the N was the element with the biggest relative importance in this work, for being present in bigger amounts in the soil solution in the band of25 cm, followed by the Ca, Mg, K, CI and Na. The effective participation ofthe CI and the Na in the cycling processes was a surprise, probably generated by the high amount ofthese in the rainwater. The S-SO4 and the AI had little importance for presenting small amounts. The other elements, Fe, Mn, H, P-PO4 appear in very low amounts. A system of rotational handling, and in association, suggests a faster and more intensive dynamics, thus the concentration of the elements studied in the soil solution was always higher in the agroforestry system than that in the forest. However, the observations during the studied period showed that the Na, CI and AI are less sensitive to the handling of the vegetation, whereas the Ça, Mg, K, N-NH4, N-N03 and S-S04 are more affected by the developed activities inside the agroforestry system. Specifically regarding the Na and CI, the concentration of these elements in the forest suffered influences :from the action of rain, :from impact of the dry deposition (bum) and :from the sea water, even so the participation of these ones in the agroforesty system is corroborated. The handling activities developed inside the agroforestry system (plantation, weeding, thinning, harvesting, pruning) generated additions and losses of nutrients promoting a fluctuation in the course of time. These fluctuations were observed mainly for the Ca, K, N-N03, CI and Na. The K was put into motion faster than the Ca in the soil solution. The S-S04 presented a small fluctuation, contrary to the N-N03 and the Cl. For the N-N03, Ca, Mg and K, the cause of the fluctuations was the sarne, that is, release and absorption. 2001-01-01T00:00:00Z