DSpace Communidade: Programa de Pós-Graduação Integrado em Zootecnia nos Trópicos (antigo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Animal na Amazônia (PPGPAA) - Parauapebas.

Óleo de Tucumã-do-Pará (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) como aditivo funcional em dietas de bezerras Girolando

2026-09-22T00:00:00Z

Título: Óleo de Tucumã-do-Pará (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) como aditivo funcional em dietas de bezerras Girolando Autor(es): VASCONCELOS, Wállison Ramon Ferreira de http://lattes.cnpq.br/694511737311708 Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of supplementation with tucumã-do-Pará (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) oil on the performance, ruminal fermentation, enteric health, and fecal microbiome of Girolando dairy heifers. Eighteen heifers were assigned to a randomized complete block design and subjected to three treatment levels (0, 5.0, and 10.0 g/day) over a 42-day period. Performance was evaluated through daily dry matter intake recordings and weekly body weight measurements alongside biometric evaluations. Superficial heat dissipation was monitored during the morning and afternoon using an infrared thermography camera at designated anatomical sites. The ruminal fermentation profile was analyzed in ruminal fluid collected via a flexible esophageal tube to determine pH, ammoniacal nitrogen via colorimetry, and short-chain fatty acids via gas chromatography. Enteric health was assessed by daily fecal scoring, plate microbiological counts (Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli), and fecal egg counts (EPG) using an adapted McMaster technique. Fecal bacterial community structure was characterized by amplicon sequencing of the V3–V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Oil inclusion promoted a linear increase in dry matter intake (𝑃 < 0.05) and body weight gain. The ruminal fermentation pattern was optimized, characterized by a linear decrease in acetate (𝑃 < 0.05) and linear increases in propionate (𝑃 < 0.05) and butyrate (𝑃 < 0.05), thereby reducing estimated methanogenesis. In the fecal microbiome, an increase in Firmicutes (𝑃 < 0.05) and a reduction in Bacteroidota (𝑃 < 0.05) were observed. Total diarrhea incidence was mitigated (𝑃 < 0.05), accompanied by reductions in enteric pathogen loads and parasitic eggs. Metabolic and thermal parameters exhibited a quadratic response (𝑃 < 0.05), reaching maximum homeostatic stability at a dose of 5.18 g/day, which is recommended to maximize the biological efficiency of Girolando heifers.

Coproduto de goiaba desidratado na alimentação de poedeiras comerciais

2026-09-16T00:00:00Z

Título: Coproduto de goiaba desidratado na alimentação de poedeiras comerciais Autor(es): NUNES, Françoyse Carvalho http://lattes.cnpq.br/6952145286134561 Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the productive performance, egg quality, yolk colorimetry, sensory analysis, and economic efficiency of eggs from laying hens fed different levels of dehydrated guava byproduct (CGD). The experiment was conducted after approval of experimental protocol no. 5088151221 by the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals (CEUA) of Ufra at the Poultry Experimental Shed of the Federal Rural University of the Amazon - Belém Campus. The guava byproduct was acquired through a partnership with the Cooperative of Rural Producers of the Carajás Region – COOPER, located in the municipality of Parauapebas-PA. The byproduct was sun-dried for approximately 7 days, being turned 3 times a day. 140 Bovans White laying hens were used, aged 32 weeks, and the experiment concluded at 44 weeks of age. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design into five treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, 20% inclusion of dehydrated guava by-product) with seven replicates of 4 birds in each cage. Four 21-day cycles were evaluated, totaling 84 days of evaluation. The diets were isonutritive and water was ad libitum. Productive performance evaluations were obtained from feed consumption (g/kg), feed conversion ratio (kg of feed/kg of eggs), feed conversion ratio (kg of feed/dozen eggs), average egg weight (g), egg mass produced, number of egg units per cage, egg production, and viability. For quality analysis, Haugh units, albumen index, yolk index, shell thickness, specific gravity, albumen and yolk pH, and colorimetry of raw and cooked yolks were evaluated. For sensory analysis of cooked egg yolks, a 9-point hedonic scale test was applied, evaluating: appearance, aroma, texture, flavor, and overall impression. For feed costs, economic efficiency and relative economic efficiency (%) calculations were performed. Data were analyzed using linear and quadratic regression models with the SAS program (2000) at a 5% probability level. For sensory analysis, the data were subjected to the Wilcoxon test. A linear increasing effect of the inclusion of dehydrated guava by-product was observed on feed consumption, feed conversion (kg of eggs), feed conversion (dozen), egg mass, and average egg weight. There was a quadratic effect for laying rate, but no significant effect on viability. A quadratic effect was evident for Haugh Unit. For the variables albumen index and shell percentage, there was a linear decreasing effect, respectively. Specific gravity showed a quadratic adjustment. For yolk index, albumen percentage, yolk, and shell thickness, there were no significant differences. There was a significant difference in albumen pH, indicating an increasing linear effect. There was a significant effect for L* = luminosity, b* = yellow/blue hue, and C* = chromaticity, expressing a decreasing linear effect. The analysis of h* = hue angle showed a quadratic effect. There was no significant difference for * = red/green coordinate. There were significant effects for the colorimetry of the cooked yolks; a quadratic fit was observed for the analysis of the a* (red/green) coordinate, h* = hue angle, and C* = chromaticity. There was a decreasing linear effect for b* (yellow/blue) hue, and no significant effect for luminosity. It was observed that there were no significant differences in the sensory analyses of the cooked yolks. The economic efficiency values were greater than 1.0, since the net profit exceeds the feed costs in all treatments, and the relative economic efficiency increased with the inclusion of the guava co- product. It is concluded that guava by-product is viable, and is recommended at levels between 5% and 15%. The eggs showed good acceptance by the tasters in the sensory evaluation. In addition, it reduced the cost of feed and acted as a source of pigments, accentuating the yolk color of the eggs.

Suplementação com gordura protegida durante a segunda metade da gestação em ovelhas sobre a expressão gênica, perfil histológico e qualidade de carne da progênie.

2025-09-03T00:00:00Z

Título: Suplementação com gordura protegida durante a segunda metade da gestação em ovelhas sobre a expressão gênica, perfil histológico e qualidade de carne da progênie. Autor(es): MIRANDA, Andrey de Sousa Abstract: Maternal nutrition provided by the availability of nutrients in the diet during pregnancy can directly affect the progeny on performance characteristics and meat quality, a mechanism known as fetal programming. Based on this, the objective was to evaluate the effects of calcium salt supplementation of soybean oil in the maternal diet of crossbred Dorper x Santa Inês ewes during the second half of gestation on maternal and offspring gene expression; as well as the meat quality and histological profile of the offspring. At 75 ± days of gestation, 43 multiparous ewes (44.10 ± 6.87 kg BW, 2 ± 1 parturition) hairless (Dorper × Santa Inês crossbred) pregnant with females (n = 18) and males (n = 25 ), were allocated to individual pens and randomly assigned to the following treatments: (1) Control (CON; n = 21) – supply of a basal diet formulated to meet the basic nutritional requirements of pregnant ewes with a single lamb, or (2) Supplementation ( CSSO; n = 22) – basal diet plus supplementation with Ca salts of soybean oil (rumen-protected fat) receiving daily 1.5g/kg of body weight (5% based on DM. Adipose and muscle tissue of the progeny at 15 days of age and at slaughter for the evaluation of myogenic, fibrogenic, adipogenic, and gluconeogenic markers. At slaughter, samples of the Longissimus lumborum muscle were also collected for determination from the hi profile histological and qualitative aspects of meat. There was interaction (P < 0.05) for area, perimeter and diameter of the progeny muscle fibers, with favorable responses observed for CSSO females compared to the other treatments. There was a trend of sexual dimorphism on the histological profile of subcutaneous adipose tissue, in which females showed ~24% and 12% higher adipocyte area and perimeter (P < 0.10) than males, respectively. However, the fat cell population tended to be ~14% lower (P = 0.08) in females. There was an interaction effect on the relative expression of ZFP423 (P < 0.001) in female progenies from CSSO mothers at birth and PPARy (P < 0.001) for samples at slaughter. Furthermore, the myogenesis of CSSO progenies was affected by having higher mRNA expression for MyOG (P = 0.05). Progenies from CSSO mothers showed lower expression of the type I fiber marker (MyHC I) and higher PPARy (P = 0.01). CSSO progenies showed greater subcutaneous fat thickness (EGS, P = 0.04), maximum fat thickness over Longissimus lumborum (measured GR; P = 0.05) and total losses (cooking and thawing; P = 0.04) that CON Consistent with these responses, higher mean values of visceral fat deposition and carcass coverage (P < 0.001) were observed in females, in addition to higher EGS and carcass GR measure (P = 0.02). Therefore, maternal nutrition with calcium salts from soybean oil during the second half of pregnancy alters fetal growth and trajectory in a sex-dependent manner, due to the modification in the potential for postnatal development of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Estudo de polimorfismos nos genes CSN1S1 e CSN3 em fêmeas bubalinas de padrão racial Murrah.

2025-09-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Estudo de polimorfismos nos genes CSN1S1 e CSN3 em fêmeas bubalinas de padrão racial Murrah. Autor(es): MEDEIROS, Natalia Bianca Caires Abstract: The characteristics of milk are controlled by several genes, with emphasis on the four casein genes, CSN1S1; CSN1S2; CSN2 and CSN3, which are responsible for encoding the four fractions of that protein, are they, α-casein which includes α (S1) and α (S2), β and κ-casein. The study of genetic variants in these genes, seek to investigate alleles, insertions or deletions, which may reflect directly on productive characteristics, indicating differences in the quality, composition and yield of milk. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the occurrence of polymorphisms in the CSN1S1 and CSN3 genes, in buffalo females of the Mur-rah racial pat tern. The CSN1S1 and CSN3 genes were analyzed in 41 lactating Murrah buffaloes, using nucleotide sequencing. The primer pairs amplified fragments of 313 base pairs (bp) for the CSN1S1 gene, and 350 bp for the CSN3 gene. An SNP was found in the amplified fragment for the CSN1S1 gene, located in nucleotide number 2.123 of the promoter region (5 'UTR), at position nt-258 (A / G), which does not cause any amino acid alteration. The observed genotypic frequencies of this SNP were different from the expected genotypic frequencies (EHW - Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium), and in addition, the observed heterosigosity (Ho) was higher than the expected heterosigosity (He). As for the CSN3 gene, two SNPs nt-98 and nt-102 (nucleotides number 377 and 381 of exon number 4, of the CSN3 gene) were identified in codons 33 (ACC / ATC) and 34 (AC C / AC T) of the analyzed fragment, which correspond to codons 135 and 136 of the mature peptide, and which, once translated, result in the amino acids Threonine (Thr) / Isoleucine (Ile), in the case of the ATC / ACT codons and Threonine / Threonine, for the ACC / ACC ha-plotypes. According to the analyzes, the genotypic and observed frequencies were different for the CSN3 gene. And again, the observed heterosigosity (Ho) was greater than the expected heterosigosity (He), thus suggesting an excess of hetero-zygotes in relation to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model. A new SNP was found in the CSN1S1 gene (5 'UTR) in buffaloes, and another 2 polymorphisms in the CSN3 gene (exon 4) not yet described in buffalo of the Murrah racial pattern, raised under tropical climate, were investigated. Thus, the knowledge of candidate gene polymorphisms in dairy buffalo suggests and encourages studies to be carried out that aim to establish associations between such variants and characteristics of milk production and its derivatives, enabling selection assisted by molecular markers.