Evolução e distribuição espacial das aplicações de crédito rural no estado do Amapá na primeira década do século 21.

Abstract

The article analyzes the evolution and spatial distribution of application of rural credit in the state of Pará between 2000-2010. The data used was from InstitutoBrasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) and Banco Central doBrasil-BACEN (Central Bank of Brazil). The results indicate that only 8.69% of agricultural and livestock businesses in the state of Pará received loans from rural credit. Between 2000-2010, 557.513 credit rural operations were contracted corresponding to R$ R$ 7.4 billion reais, of which 71.47% were destined to livestock while the remaining 28.53% agricultural activities, such as crops. The ÍndiceNormalizado de Crédito Rural- INCR (Normalized Agriculture and Livestock Index) made it possible to identify that 25 municipalities are mainly agricultural, 33 median agricultural, 31 median livestock while 54 entirely dedicated to livestock. The Gini coefficient for loans indicates a strong concentration of credit with mean values of 0.7137 for agriculture and 0.7424 for livestock between 2000-2010. Meanwhile, we also found that one third of the funds were allocated to 10 municipalities. These results show that the level of rural credit concentration is high which demands measures from the Financial Institutions responsible for the implementation of the Rural Credit Policy by extending banking inclusion and access to credit to a greater number of rural producers in the 143 municipalities that form the state of Pará.