Distribuição vertical de orquídeas epífitas e relação com os forófitos na apa Ilha do Combú, Belém, Pará, Brasil.

Abstract

The objective was to assess the vertical structure of epiphytic orchids and the relationship with the phorophytes in APA Island of Combu Belém, Pará State, Brasil, in order to determine the vertical distribution pattern by analyzing the wealth, abundance and frequency on the host tree species and determine the correlation of abundance with the type of shell phorophytes and DBH with abundance and wealth. Data were obtained using the method of the quadrants, with the demarcation of 114 transects of 50 m x 5 m (2.85 ha), which were measured ali host-trees with DBH > 20 cm recording the characteristics of the shell and ali identified epiphytic orchids based on observation with binoculars and climb natural host tree. We calculated the percentage of relative abundance and phorophytes phorophytes segments (stem and crown), and also the abundance and richness of species of host-trees by calculating the ratio between epiphytes and phorophytes. The correlation between the type of bark of host-trees and abundance of epiphytic orchids was analyzed using the number of epiphytes per tree species phorophytes in x, and also the reason (n. epiphytes / n. phorophytes) to phorophytes rough and non-wrinkled . The diameters were categorized into classes to check the influence of DBH on the abundance and wealth. We recorded 37 species of orchids with emphasis on the genera Epidendrum L. (four species), Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav. (four species) and Pleurothallis R. Br. (three species). For the highest importance values epiphytic species stood out Scaphyglottis sickii Pabst (15.52) and Dimerandra emarginata (G. Mey.) Hoehne (15.00), and the canopy stratum preferential occupation. It was recorded 48 species of host trees Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg and Campa guianensis Aubl. were the most sampled (58 and 42) and stood out with the greatest abundance (482 and 308) and its main resources were found in Hevea brasiliensis, Campa guianensis and Spondias mombin L. (21, 22 and 20). Thirty-five species of host-trees (73%) had rough skin. The reason for epiphytes phorophytes was higher in logs with bark non-rough. Classes of diameter 2 (31.8 -| 63.7) and 3 (63.7 -| 95.5) recorded the greatest abundance of epiphytic orchids. The humidity and light are determining factors for the occurrence of epiphytic species with abundance and wealth in the cups phorophytes more dominant. The abundance of epiphytic orchids is influenced by the roughness of the bark and the largest diameters phorophytes only correlated with abundance.