Diversidade de fungos hifomicetos associados ao açaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) em áreas de várzea da ilha do Combu, Belém/PA, Brasil.

Abstract

A survey on Hyphomycetes fungi associated to decomposing parts of the palm tree Euterpe oleracea Mart. in the Environmental Protection Area Combu Island, Pará was conducted. With the objective of contributing for the knowledge of Hyphomycetes fungi in the Combu island, sheaths, petioles, rachis, leaves, spathes, clusters, stems and roots in eight transects of 5 x 100 m were collected from August/2008 to April/2009. In each transect samples were collected from a palm tree in intervals of 20 m, to give a total of five samples per transect, and the availability of decomposing material was the criterion for choosing the plant to be collected. The collected material was kept in moist chamber for seven days. After this period, it was dried in an electric heater at a temperature of 60 0C for 24 hours; finally, it was kept in the freezer to prevent deterioration and invasion by mites. The fungi were extracted under a stereomicroscope using a microbiological well sharped needle and then, they were mounted as semipermanent slides in the lactoglycerol mounting médium, with or without cotton blue dye, according to the fungai structures coloration. Results are described in four chapters. The first chapter shows a bibliography review and the characterization of the study area. In the second one, there are registered two hyphomycetes {Berkleasmium nigroapicale and Digitodesmium recurvum) which are new records for the Neotropic ecozone and, over 24 species {Acarocybellina arengae, Arachnophora hughesii, Berkleasmium inflatum, Canalisporium kenyense, Catemdaria cubensis, Coleodictyospora micronesiaca, Corynesporopsis inaequiseptata, Corynesporopsis isabelicae, Dictyosporium a!atum, Dictyosporium loruloides, Endophragmiella mexicana, Gliomastix luzulae, Helicoma dennisii, Helicoma viridis, Heíminlhosporium palmigenum, Hemicorynespora aseptata, Hermatomyces sphaericus, Monodiciys paradoxo, Physalidiella elegans, Pithomyces cinnamomeus, Pithomyces karoo, Septosporium elaeidis, Spadicoides macrocontinua and Sporidesmium moniliforme) as new records to Brazil and it also contains descriptions, comments, distribution, and illustrations of each of the new records. The third chapter shows the 53 hyphomycetes fungi identified in this study, which were already recorded to Brazil. In the fourth chapter it is described Dictyosporium euterpeae as a new species of Hyphomycetes. In total, 80 hyphomycetes taxa were identified.