Desempenho agroeconômico da bananeira sob manejo nutricional com Trichoderma asperellum, em sistema de produção familiar

Abstract

The banana (Musa spp.) is the most cultivated fruit tree in the world, having a positive socioeconomic impact in developing countries. Brazil is the world's fourth largest banana producer and the State of Pará, the largest producer in the Amazon region. Banana cultivation in Pará is mainly developed by family farmers, in production systems of low technification, low productivity and scarce capital input. The need for large quantities of fertilizers is one of the main obstacles to reach the maximum productive potential of banana cultivars, negatively impacting the economic and environmental aspect of the activity. On the other hand, the use of plant biostimulants can optimize the use of these inputs and benefit the productivity and profitability of crops. The objective of the study was to evaluate the productive performance and economic viability of banana cultivation under nutritional management with native Trichoderma asperellum, in a family production system in the Amazon region. The test was carried out in a family production system, in the field conditions of Ourém (Pará, Brazil), between december 2017 and december 2019. The cultivar BRS Pacoua was used, in a randomized block design, with four replications and three treatments: T1, 100% of the fertilizer dose (control); T2, 50% of the fertilizer dose + T. Asperellum (TA) (mix of isolates: Ufra.T06, Ufra.T09, Ufra.T12, Ufra.T52) and; T3, 100% of the fertilizer dose + TA (mix of isolates). Fertilization consisted of using inorganic fertilizers and poultry litter. The production of the 1st banana cycle and the economic viability of the practices in the six-year horizon were evaluated. The inoculation of TA + 100% of fertilizers increased productivity by 23%. The productivity of bananas was similar in the control treatments (100%) and with 50% of fertilizers + TA, however, the use of 50% of the fertilizers reduced the production costs by 7.2% in the year of implantation and, in 17.6% from the 2nd year of planting. In six years, inoculation with T. asperellum increases revenues by US$ 8,944.40 with 100% of fertilizers, and by US$ 1,936.35 with 50% of fertilizers. Therefore, the use of the biostimulant based on T. asperellum is an economically viable strategy to improve the agronomic performance of the banana, increase the efficiency of the use of fertilizers and increase the gains in the family production system in the Amazon. The use of native microorganisms is a promising practice to increase the profitability of activities that will be financed with resources from rural credit programs, as well as to enable sustainable agriculture.