Tilapicultura no estado do Pará: uma abordagem a partir dos aspectos legais e tecnológicos

Abstract

Oreochromis niloticus has been produced in fish farming in the state of Pará since the 1970s, when it had its first specimens brought from the Centro de Pesquisas em Aquicultura do Departamento Nacional de Obras Contras as Secas (DNOCS) in Pentecoste, Ceará. In the following decades, its creation was encouraged by governmental agencies of promotion and technical assistance and rural extension until the advent of State Law No. 6,713 of January 25, 2005, which started to consider as illegal activity the cultivation of exotic species in systems open. However, the lack of definition of the term “open systems” made it difficult to regularize tilapia farming initiatives in the Pará state, until the publication of COEMA Resolution No. 143 of December 20, 2018, bringing guidelines for the development of the activity, exclusively in systems closed. In this context, even illegally, the State has 3,089 fish farming that adopt the tilapia, the largest number among federative units in the Northern Region. The objective of this study will be to analyze tilapia farming in the Pará state from legal and technological aspects, aiming to show the technical and economic viability of the activity from the requirements of the new regulatory framework. The work is divided into two chapters, entitled: 1) “Current scenario and perspectives of tilapia farming in the Pará State in view of the new legislation of the activity”, which aims to present the current tilapia farming scenario in the Pará state, as well as to discuss the modalities of production adopted commercially and to analyze their prospects of regularization in face of the new legislation; 2) “Tilapia farming in biofloc system: a profitable investment in the Pará state?”, with the purpose of analyzing the economic viability of tilapia production in a biofloc system in Pará. In chapter 1, the production data, corresponding monetary value and the number of enterprises were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The characterization of the production modalities took place through field observations and interviews with fish farmers in December 2019, contemplating emblematic initiatives for the production of young forms and fattening in excavated ponds, network tanks and tanks suspended in a biofloc system. Subsequently, the information obtained was compared with the requirements of the new legal standard and analyzed with regard to the possibility of regularization. In chapter 2, the operating cost methodology and economic efficiency indicators were adopted to evaluate an initiative along the lines of the only one in regular operation in the Pará state, as well as a risk analysis based on the price of the first sale.