A pesca industrial para peixes diversos na plataforma continental Amazônica

Abstract

The present study characterizes and describes the diversity of several fish species, which are introduced in the Amazon continental shelf since 2010, captured by industrial fishing techniques using bottom trawl surveys. Data of the current thesis were collected mainly on board vessels, completing 227 fishing bids and 434.9 hours bottom trawling which were licensed to catch multiple fish species in January, April and June 2013 and April, May, August and September of 2014 (led by the North Center for Research and Conservation of Biodiversity - CEPNOR/ICMBio). Collected information were complemented by informal conversations with fishermen, photographic records and information available on the home page of the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture. There are 162 authorized fishing vessels for this kind of fishery, divided into three groups: (A) 14 fishing vessels which have exclusive license to catch multiple fish species (operating with simple drag or bottom trawling in pair, (B) 48 fishing vessels having licenses for industrial fishing of the laulao catfish Brachyplatystoma vaillantii (in Portuguese: piramutaba) and multiple fish species (operating by bottom trawling in twos or threes) and (C) 100 fishing vessels licensed to capture the southern brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus subtilis (in Portuguese: camarão-rosa) and multiple fish species (operating with single or double bottom trawling). Fishing vessels of the laulao catfish and southern brown shrimp fleet are manned by seven fishermen, with an average time of 15 fishing days, operating daily during 12 months a year. In total 23 fish species and three shrimp species, distributed in 24 genera and 14 families were identified. Results of the analysis of diversity indices per station category and depth showed higher species richness (S) in the rainy season than in the dry season and superiority in depth CP3 (30-35 m) and CP4 (35-40 m) fishing stations. The king weakfish Macrodon ancylodon (Portuguese: pescada-gó) is the species with the highest frequency of occurrence by fishing bid being captured in 100% of bids. Considering the complexity of industrial fishing in the Amazon estuary and its impacts on biological balance of that system, the present research work suggests a reassessment of the quantitative supplementary fishing permits to catch multiple fish species with bottom trawls in the Amazon continental shelf, as well as the adoption of new policies and practices of monitoring the business areas of licensed industrial fleet.