Morfoanatomia de três espécies ocorrentes na Amazônia.

Abstract

Vismia guianensis (Aubl.) Pers. (seal), Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f. ex K. Schum. (pau mulatto) and Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D. Don. (Para-pará) are of great importance both for the commercial and ecological value of the wood. The present work had as objective to describe the morphoanatomical aspects of the seeds and anatomical aspects of seedlings and leaves of adult individuals of these three species, in order to use the results in the identification of these species. Fruits from three matrices of V.guianensis were collected in Parque dos Igarapés, District of Icoarací; seven matrices of C. Spruceamim in the municipality of Iguarapé-Açu; and three matrices of J. copaia on the Campus of the Federal Rural University of Amazônia (UFRA); later, they were taken to the Forest Seeds Laboratory at Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, and from the benefited seeds, seedlings were obtained. Leaves of V. guianensis. and J. copaia were collected in Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, and C. spruceanum were collected in the UFPA area (poema). The anatomical analyzes were carried out in the Botany laboratory at Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Semi-permanent and permanent sheets of seeds and leaves were prepared. The material was stained with astrablau and basic fuchsin to obtain photomicrographs under an optical microscope; histochemical tests were performed using Sudam IIl and Lugou to prove the presence of starch and lipid substances. Images of seeds, seedlings and leaves were obtained with the aid of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mature seeds of V. guianenensis measure 2.5 mm in volume, have a reddish color, ellipsoid shape, rounded hilum; it is anatropic and exalbuminous; starchy; cotyledon epidermis made up of strands of rounded cells; germination occurs at nine and reaches the seedling stage at 32 days; amphihypostomatic colonies; presence of tector trichomes on the abaxial surface and apical bud; abaxial face constituted by cells of irregular size and shape, nourished by tetctor and glandular trichomes; mesophyll formed by a layer of cells in palisades with large secretory cavities; rib, in transverse section, presents secretory structures close to the vascular bundles. The seed of C. spruceanum is oblong, albuminous; it has two wings of different sizes and light brown coloration; hilum centered in the seminal region; whitish colored spatulate embryo; seed, in cross-section, has a lozenge shape; dominant endosperm; elongated cotyledons with cubic cells; seed germination occurs at seven days, and the seedling stage is reached at 48 days; the hypocotyl is cylindrical; in cross section the epidem is uniseriate; centralized vascular tissue; cotyledons and hypostomatic philes; the leaf is amphistomatic; the mesophyll is dorsiventral, with idioblasts; the midrib is biconvex; main vein is concave-convex, with domatia occurring in the axilla of the primary vein with the secondary vein. The seed of J. copaia is winged, with a heart-shaped embryonic region, a punctate hilum; enlarged, axial and foliaceous embryo; seed germinates at nine days and at 35 days it reaches the seedling stage; hypocotyl has a uniseriated epidermis with vascular tissue composed of four collateral vascular bundles; cotyledons and colonies with tector and glandular trichomes; leaf, on both sides, densely ommified by striated cuticle; epidermis on both sides made up of cells of irregular size and shape; in cross section the epidermis are uniseriate; the leaflets are amphihypostomatic; mesophyll is dorsiventral; midrib with thick cuticle; presence of tector trichomes on both sides. Morphoanthomic studies of pioneer species are of great relevance in the area of ​​biological sciences, since the results can be used in projects aimed at identifying and using more suitable species in the recovery of degraded areas.