O nível de sombreamento influencia no desempenho agronômico de variedades de jambu (Acmella oleracea)?

Abstract

Jambu is botanically classified as belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is a vegetable that has attracted the interest of pharmaceutical and food industries, due to its main metabolite known as epilantol (alkylamide responsible for the sensation of “tingling” on the lips and for the anti-inflammatory, insecticide, aphrodisiac functions, etc.). It is widely used in northern gastronomy. However, even in the face of such relevance, its planting is still done with a low technological level, as the technical recommendations for cultivation are still embryonic. Cultivation in a protected environment, including the screen type, allows the modulation of luminosity and, consequently, the adjustment of temperature through shading screens, providing favorable environmental conditions for plant development. Thus, the objective was to evaluate different levels of shading in the agronomic characteristics of jambu varieties. The experimental trial was carried out at the Federal Rural University of Amazônia, Campus Capanema. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks, in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with two varieties of jambu (yellow and purple flower) and four levels of shading screen (no shading, 30%, 50% and 70% shading), making up eight treatments with four repetitions. There was an interaction between the factors only for the chlorophyll content, where the yellow flower jambu and the cultivation without shading promoted better performance. The jambu varieties differed statistically only in relation to flowering and inflorescence dry mass, while shading levels differed only for shoot dry mass and dry matter yield. It was concluded that the agronomic characteristics of jambu were not significantly influenced by the varieties and shading levels, therefore, both the yellow flower and purple flower varieties can be cultivated without the use of shading screens.