Florística e biogeografia dos campos rupestres sobre canga do parque nacional dos campos ferruginosos, Amazônia Brasileira.

Abstract

The creation of protected areas is a global strategy to reduce biodiversity loss and to maintain ecosystem services. The Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos is the only area of Amazonian canga that has a status of being permanently protected. The canga is an environment of great natural and economic value because it has a high number of endemic species and the soil is rich in iron ore, which makes this environment threatened. Thus, the objective of this study was to complement the floristic list of this protected area to compare the floristic similarity between it and the Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Serra Arqueada and Serra de Campos de São Félix do Xingu (which are other outcrops of Amazonian canga) in the Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos. Multivariate analyses were performed using Non-metric multimensional scalling (NMDS) and clustering – Unweighted Pair Group Methodmean (UPGMA), both using the Bray-curtis distance. Our collections added 160 species to the floristic list of the Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos and the multivariate analyses showed that the areas analyzed had a low floristic similarity index. The differences of the micro- habitats found in the areas highliht the high beta diversity over the Amazonian canga sites, making each area unique. Therefore, although the Campos Ferruginosos National Park does not harbor all the species of the other Amazonian cangas, it is a strategic area for the conservation of the vegetation on ferruginous outcrops in the state of Pará, protecting both its biodiversity, different habitats and associated ecosystem services.