Mudança de uso da terra por meio de sistemas agroflorestais no município de Tomé-Açu, Pará.

Abstract

The objective of this study is to comprehend the transition process from the conventional systems of familiar farming to the Agro Forestry Systems (AFSs), in the properties of the local farmers in the municipality of Tomé-Açu (and surrounding areas), Pará. The gathering of the data happened inside the AFSs of familiar farmers. The research was organized in three chapters. The first chapter adresses the process of transition from the conventional system to the use of the land for the AFSs. For this research were utilized quali-quantitative approaches, the tecnique of the gathering of data was a semi-structured interview that adressed the following items: 1 – Origin of the head of the family; 2- Scholarity of the head of the family; 3- Age group of the head of the family; 4- The period since the farmer started working in farming; 5- Labor force of the familiar farmers; 6- The organizational structure of the familiar farmers, by way of ODK Collect. The results point that: The transition of the conventional system to the AFS in the properties of the farmers took place in the areas of the black pepper’s monoculture to diversify the products that generate income across the year and give environmental comfort to the farmer; Various sequential processes of change from the conventional system to the AFS were identified. 66,7% of the properties in the three categories (pasture, black pepper, and “roça” (a traditional farming system) presented a transition before the implementation of the AFS, and, 33,3% of the properties presented four types of use before the AFSs implementation; the diversity of species present thereabout the AFSs favor the food safety and income of the families, as well as contributing in the strategies of sustainable development in the municipality. The second chapter evaluates the space-time dynamic, in the years of 2010 and 2020 by the transition of the conventional system to the AFS. The methodology was based in the elaboration of Kernel density maps and thematic maps. The results clarify that: The spaces around the conventional system presented the lower value of 0,25 on the crop health indicators, and of 1,32 in quality of soil. Which suggests the necessity of adequated handling to prevent environmental problems in areas of pasture, “roça”, and monoculture of black pepper. The higher values of 4,1 in crop health and 6,99 in soil quality were obtained in areas of capoeira, and values of 3,0 in crop health and 6,1 in quality of the soil on the AFSs -PR, highlighting the role of capoeira and the AFSs regarding the recovery of the productive potential of the agro-systems.