A Piscicultura enquanto atividade econômica no estado do Pará: Análise de investimento de um empreendimento no município de Paragominas.

Abstract

Aquaculture represents the most viable alternative to meet the growing world demand for fish, which makes this activity the fastest growing branch of animal production on the planet. Brazil has extremely favorable natural conditions for its development, with continental fish farming as the most practiced aspect and of greatest socioeconomic importance. Despite this, the country is still far from achieving its potential in terms of production, which is directly related to the supply of food, generation of work and income for the population. The Pará State is a Federation Unit inserted entirely in the Amazon biome and which has an agricultural and livestock vocation, including aquaculture, segment practiced in its 144 municipalities. The objective of this study was to contextualize fish farming as an economic activity in the territory of Pará State and to carry out an investment analysis of a project located in Paragominas, a municipality that holds 30% of Pará State production in 2019. For that, secondary data from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) and the operating cost methodology, followed by the elaboration of cash flow and the generation of economic efficiency indicators. In 2018, Pará State produced 13,500 tons of fish from fish farming, with a total of 10,838 initiatives. When considering the IBGE Regional Division of 2017, this Federation Unit is divided into seven Intermediate Geographic Regions (Belém, Castanhal, Marabá, Redenção, Altamira, Santarém and Breves) and 21 Immediate Geographic Regions, the Intermediate Geographic Region of Castanhal presented the greater production, mainly due to the performance of the Immediate Geographic Region of Paragominas, while the Intermediate Geographic Region of Marabá counted the largest number of projects, with emphasis on the Immediate Geographic Region of Marabá. The family investment analyzed in Paragominas Municipality had its total investment estimated at R$ 44.033.08 with a total operating cost of R$ 21.896.00 and a total unit operating cost of R$ 5.53. The first commercialization price of R$ 6.70 yielded an internal rate of return of 20% and a period of return on capital of four years. It was not possible to identify any conditioning factor of competitiveness that justified the productive disparity of Paragominas Municipality in relation to the other surrounding municipalities.