O Gênero Scleria P.J. bergius (Cyperaceae) no Estado do Pará, Brasil.

Abstract

Scleria P.J.Bergius is one of the largest genus of Cyperaceae Juss., with about 250 species. Scleria present pantropical distribution and occurs in dense and open florested areas, under umid, sandy or rocky soils. It is represented in Brazilian territory by 76 species, recorded in all phytogeographical domains. Despite the recognized diversity of the genus, some studies about the Scleria have gaps on the morphological information of the species, which makes it difficult to determine and apply some names. In Brazil, the studies developed about Scleria are often about local floras, and still little is known on the Amazonian and Pará floras. Thus, this study aims to perform a taxonomic treatemant of Scleria species that occurs in Pará based on the materials at Amazonian herbaria (HBRA, HCJS, HSTM, IAN, INPA, MFS e MG) and extra Amazonian herbaria (CEN, IBGE, RB e UB); and also field collections. Specialized bibliographies, original descriptions and types were used for determination the species. About 600 exiccates were analyzed, which resulted in the determination of 30 species and one Scleria sp., four of which are new records for the state of Pará, and a new occurrence for the Americas. Additionally, are designated four lectotypes and a taxonomic treatment was performed for nine species found in the restingas of the state (attachment). In the taxonomic treatment, morphological descriptions, diagnostic comments, distribution data, habitats and illustrations of Scleria occurs in the Pará State, contributing to knowledge of the Amazonian and therefore to the Brazilian flora.