Efeito dos planos nutricionais sobre as características da carcaça e carne e economia do sistema de terminação de bovinos em pastejo.

Abstract

The cutting livestock has important role in the Brazilian economy, Brazil is the keeper of the largest commercial herd in the world, and the largest exporter. In spite of this scenario, there is a need for adjustments to increase productivity for the reduction of age to slaughter and increase the rate of enjoy, to stay competitive in the production of beef cattle worldwide, the quality of beef and veal created to pasture a Target to be reached. In this way, it is necessary to use technologies that enable the advancement of productivity indices, which generally increase production costs, especially those related to food, in this sense, technical and strategic aspects of the Supplementation should be defined so that the food supplementation strategy adopted, in addition to animal performance, becomes necessary for it to be economically viable, i.e. the weight gain of the animal has to pay the financial disbursement with supplementation and other Production costs. In this context, it was aimed at the present study assessing the effect of the nutritional plans on the characteristics of the carcass, meat and economy of the system of termination of cattle under grazing. 28 Nelore Bovine animals were used in the Middle Ages of 18 months. The experimental conception was entirely random, in factorial scheme (2x2), and the factors: (i) Two supplementation strategies during the dry period and (ii) Two supplementation strategies during the rainy period (mineral and concentrated), totaling four Treatments: (i) SMs + SMc = mineral supplementation in both periods; (ii) SMs + SCc = Mineral supplementation in the dry period + concentrated supplementation in the rainy season; (iii) SCs + SMc = concentrated supplementation in the dry period + mineral supplementation in the rainy season; (iv) SCs + SCc = concentrated supplementation in both periods. Supplements, except the mineral (0.10 kg/animal) were supplied to 0.8% of the PV of the animals. After slaughter, the carcase weighs were carried out and measured the PH (before and after refrigeration) and assessed the quantitative and quality characteristics of meat. The characteristics of defrosting and total losses, length of Sarcomêro, coloration have effected interaction between nutritional plans and dry and rainy periods (P < 0.05). It was verified interaction trend (P < 0.10) for the PH final variables, protein content and loss by cooking. The supplementary strategies carried out in the dry period influenced (p < 0.05) the hot and cold carcass yield and, during the rainy period the fat thickness (p < 0.05), the weight of the needle tip and moisture content. The front and rear cuts have effected the nutritional plans in the dry and rainy periods (P < 0.05), being higher when fed with concentrated supplement. The concentrated supplementation during the rainy season provides carcasses with better finishing independent of the type of supplementation carried out in the previous dry period. The housing characteristics are altered by the nutritional plans performed during the dry, rainy period or both. However, the supplementation strategies carried out during the dry period do not affect the carcase characteristics in the following period of evaluation (rainy period). Mineral supplementation in the dry period followed by supplementation with concentrated in the rainy season promotes housing with lower PH, higher protein content, total losses, sarcomêro length and meat coloring. For economic viability assessment was simulated a production system with 100ha and stocking rate of 2.4 au/ha/year. Data collected with the lifting of fixed costs and variables that were withdrawn from ANUALPEC 2015 and Scott Consulting, to carry out indicators calculations such as: gross income (RB), gross margin (MB) and liquid (ML), Total profit, net present value (NPV), Benefit-Cost Index (IBC), the internal return rate (TIR), the payback and the Equilibrium Point (PE) and the unitary contribution margin, to know the profitability of the plans and their earnings to the rural producer who adopt them. The financial indicators demonstrated economic viability of all nutritional plans for cattle created to pasture, in which the SMs + SCC plan presents results higher than others, indicating it is more suitable for use, for being more competitive in terms of Profitability of the business, enabling better economic return on investment.