Uso de ingredientes alternativos na alimentação inicial de frango de corte de crescimento lento.

Abstract

The creation of slow-growing chicken gradually increases throughout the world due to the requirement of the consumer demanding to have meat of differentiated quality at its table, produced in an ecologically sustainable way with new standards of well-being for the birds. In order to maintain this fragile production chain, the search for a reduction in production costs is a constant, so the use of new ingredients that have the potential to feed the birds will bring productive and economic benefits especially to small and medium-sized producers. In this way, the thesis was conducted at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia, Campus Belém, Brazil, to analyze the use of alternative ingredients in order to institute a low-cost diet for slow-growing chicken. The research was based on the realization of two experiments, performance and metabolizability that generated the five chapters of this thesis. At the first moment, the analysis of the bromatological composition of residual portions of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), açaí core with a mesocarp and açaí core without mesocarp was performed to identify the best fraction for the production of açaí seed bran (ASB) that was later included at different levels (2, 6 and 10%) in rations for slow-growing broilers in the initial phase of 1 to 28 days. Also included levels of 10, 15 and 20% of palm kernel cake (Guinean Elaeis), and the evaluation of the inclusion of coconut (Coccus nucífera) in 5, 15 and 25%; all alternative ingredients tested were analyzed for bird performance, allometry of organs of the digestive system and the economic viability of their use in diets. Based on the bromatological composition of the açaí core without mesocarp was chosen for the elaboration of açaí seed bran; and the results of the performance showed that the acai seed bran can be included in up to 10% without prejudice, the palm oil cake (POC) in up to 15% and the coconut cake (CC) in up to 5% without impairing the performance, in the allometry of the organs digestive and without economic disadvantage for the producer. The results are described in the first, second and third articles, respectively. In a second moment, we performed a metabolizable analysis experiment of the three alternative ingredients tested, ASB, CC and POC, replacing 30% of the reference feed for each unconventional ingredient, where POC showed the best nutrient metabolizability coefficients and CC the worst values, the complete material is in the fourth article. And the fifth article describes the evaluation of the intestinal morphometry of slow-growing broiler chickens fed the different levels of inclusion of ASB, CC and POC in their diets; where we found that CC inclusion levels promoted an increase of the villi of the duodenum stimulating the cell renewal process due to the viscosity of the digesta; the levels of ASB did not interfere negatively in the intestinal morphometry of the birds.