Índices técnicos de conversão de resíduos de exploração florestal em carvão vegetal e caracterização de suas propriedades em dois sistemas de carbonização.

Abstract

The forestry exploration generates a large amount of forest residues. So, the production of charcoal becomes this residue a form of economic exploitation of biomass. Thus, this study aimed to determine rates of conversion (IC) of residues from logging into charcoal (ratio between the volume of waste and the nominal volume of the furnace in m³: VR m³ / VNFm ³ - Index Filling Oven / IEF; ratio of the volume of waste and the volume of coal, mdc: Rm ³/ VCmdc, the volume ratio of st. waste and the volume of coal: VRst / VCmdc, and ratio of the volume of the oven and the volume of coal: VNFm ³ / VCmdc - Content Conversion Volumetric / ICV; ratio between the weight of coal and the volume of waste put into the furnace: PCton/VRM ³ , and ratio between the weight and volume of coal st. waste kiln: PCton / VRst Index - Conversion in Weight - ICP); the physical characteristics (bulk density - Grd, basic density - Bd and gross calorific value - GCV), che mical (volatile materials content - VMC, ash - TCi and carbon fixed - TCF) and friability (F) coal produced in the kiln furnace metal and masonry company belonging to the CIKEL Brasil Verde LTDA, Paragominas / PA. For statistical comparison in the two systems of carbonization was performed for 't' test of Student. The main results for the furnace masonry and metal, respectively, were: VR m³ / VNFm ³ 0.69 and 0.62; VRM ³/VCmdc 0.99 and 1.15; VRst / VCmdc 1.29 and 1 , 59; VCmdc / VNFm ³ 1.44 and 1.84; PCton / VRM ³ 0.243 and 0.166, PCton / VRst; the Dgr was 238.33 and 189.00 kg / m³, the Db was 0.51 and 0.42 g / cm ³, the PCS of 6790.60 and 7187.08 Kcal / Kg; TMV was 23.15 and 20.74%; TCi 2.6 and 3.16%, to 74.24 TCF 76.10% and F of charcoal of 25.37 and 29.05% loss. The brick oven had better rates than the metal furnace, results can be explained by accelerated volatilization occurred in the furnace metal. With respect to physical, chemical and mechanical unable to distinguish the carbonization process produces more coal, because the tests did not differ significantly, except for a bulk density of coal, this difference may be linked to the coal particle size and / or the basic density of the waste that resulted.