Caracterização de três sistemas de colheita de resíduos de exploração florestal para fins de carbonização em áreas manejadas da Amazônia brasileira.

Abstract

Three forest residues harvesting systems were describe from areas under sustainable forest management plan in the municipality of Paragominas-Pa. All the activities that constitute these systems were assessed from the ergonomic and environmental points of view. For primary data collection were applied semi-structured interviews to the company technical responsible and were made participative observations, which were writing and photographs recorded. The forest residues harvesting systems studied, from the preparation of the pieces in the cutting area to the final disposition at wood carbonization, presented the following activities: Sawing, Stacking, Loading, Primary Transport; Unloading and Transportation. Some of these steps showed variations as to where they are incurred and the degree of mechanization and planning, according to the manpower and equipment availability. The forest residues harvesting systems studied can be characterized as mixed systems, including manual activities, mechanized and partially mechanized. Sawing and stacking activities were classified as heavy work in the System A and as moderately heavy work in Systems B and C. The loading was classified as a heavy activity for workers in the System A, appropriate to the tractor, but moderately heavy for forest workers in Systems B and C. The primary transport activity was classified as ergonomically appropriate for all studied systems. Due to the use of skidder to perform the extraction activities in System C, it was found that the activity has caused severe impacts to vegetation, while the other systems caused moderate damage to vegetation. The unloading was classified as a moderately heavy activity for Systems A and C, whereas System B, where the activity was fully mechanized and therefore classified as light. The activity of sawing at landing was classified as appropriate for the tractor for System B and moderately heavy to forest workers for System C. The transportation was classified as an appropriate activity in all studied systems.