Caracterização da aquicultura familiar nas mesorregiões: Marajó e nordeste paraense, Amazônia oriental-Brasil.

Abstract

A world fish production of about 171 million tonnes in 2016 and expanding in the next decade. However, several fish stocks in the world are being exploited unsustainably. Fish stocks in continental and marine waters are the main source of this fish and its exploitation capacity is at the sustainable limit. As an alternative, aquaculture is a viable economic activity, in particular continental fish farming has been developed in several countries with the aim of improving the quality of food and generating an alternative income, especially for rural populations. The Brazil is among the countries with great potential for aquaculture, because it has water availability, a favorable climate and a natural occurrence of aquatic species that combine zootechnical and marketing interest. The creation of fish or the like in small farms, called family fish farming, is extremely important, mainly because it contributes to increasing the supply of food for the family and to the sustainable use of available water resources in the region. The study has as hypothesis that there is a significant difference in the activity developed among the rural producers working in this system in the Marajó and Northeast of Paraense mesoregions. The present study aimed to characterize family aquaculture activity in the Marajó mesoregion and mesoregion Nordeste Paraense, in the state of Pará. 125 fish farmers were interviewed. Data were described by analysis. To test the hypothesis that there is a significant difference in the activity developed between the mesoregions, a Kruskal-Wallis test and Student's t-test were performed. It was observed that aquaculture is subsistence and performed in excavated ponds, damming rivers, water spring and inponds in an extensive or semi-intensive production system. The most cultivated species is tambaqui, shrimp cultivation was also found in some properties. The difficulty for the acquisition of inputs was the most cited by family fish farmers.