Distribuição e identificação de espécie de Meloidogyne (Nematoides formadores de galha) em cultivos de hortaliças convencionais e Panc’s na Amazônia Oriental.

Abstract

The occurrence of root-knot nematodes in vegetable growing areas causes damage to production. In this scenario, studies for the identification and distribution of root-knot nematodes in the northeast region of Pará, may support control and prevention methodologies. Thus, the objective of this work was to survey and map the occurrence of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in vegetable-producing areas in northeastern Pará. For this, soil and root collections were carried out in the municipalities belonging to the micro-region of the Caeté river basin, namely: Bragança, Bonito, Capanema, Nova Timboteua, Primavera, Quatipuru, Santa Luzia do Pará, Santarém Novo, São João de Pirabas and Tracuateua. Samples of various vegetables were collected, namely: lettuce, carirú, chicory from the Amazon, coriander, cabbage, spinach, jambu, pumpkin, pepper, chili pepper, cucumber and tomato. The extractions were performed at the Nematology Laboratory (LabNema), at UNESP/FCAV, in Jaboticabal – SP. For the soil samples, the method of centrifugal flotation in sucrose solution was used and for the roots, the method of Coolen and D'Herde, then the populations were estimated and later the species were identified. The identification of the species occurred by the perineal pattern of the female, the labial region of the males and the isoenzymatic phenotype for esterase. In order to represent the population density of eggs and juveniles, chloropletic maps were prepared using the quantile method. To understand the history of the area, questionnaires were applied to the producers. Thus, the following were evaluated: history of the areas, number of galls, absolute density of nematodes in the soil and roots, relative density, incidence per location and frequency of nematodes per crop. From the survey, symptoms were noted in “reboleiras”, roots with a high amount of galls, absence of fallow in most production areas, presence of weeds, in addition to other management practices that can impact the dissemination and maintenance of weeds. nematodes. Through the results, the presence of Meloidogyne spp. in all samples collected. The species M. incognita, M. javanica and M. enterolobii were identified. It was also found that M. incognita was the most incident species. It was observed the presence of M. incognita in the cultures of chicory in the Amazon, carirú, coriander, jerimum, cucumber and stingy pepper, it was noted the presence of M. javanica in the cultures of jambu and tomato. In addition, mixed populations of M. incognita and M. javanica were identified for the kale crop and M. incognita and M. enterolobii for the chili pepper crop. Thus, it is possible to identify the occurrence of root-knot nematodes in northeastern Pará, with the species M. incognita, M. javanica and M. enterolobii detected in vegetable production areas in northeastern Pará.