Propriedades físicas e mineralógica dos solos de terra preta arqueológica na Amazônia.

Abstract

In the Brazilian Amazon region, anthropogenic soils are fertile and sustainable, known Black Earth (BE) soils, are the result of profound modifications caused by unintentional human activities, occurring in various soil classes, are found discontinuous bands by the Amazon region that can reach meters (m) or kilometer (km). The Marajó archipelago presents several archeological sites and some are located in Gurupá-PA, a region that presents an indigenous-European transition, and with communities and villages exercising extractivism in an organized way. The black earth soils present in the archaeological sites present a discontinuous band, dark in color, and with a thickness that can reach 1 meter (m) or 30 centimeters (cm). Therefore, it was hypothesized that the physical properties of the soil are similar in all soils considered to be archaeological black earth. Thus, the general objective is to evaluate the physical properties of the soil and clay-bonded minerals in archaeological black earth and its surroundings in search of answers to understand the formation of the TPA. In order to find an answer to the general objective, specific objectives were established, corresponding to each chapter. In the first, it was sought to verify the textural classification through the pre-treatment with burning of organic matter in black earth soil. In the second, we sought to characterize archaeological black earth soils in the municipality of Gurupá. The result of the work showed that an organic matter in black earth soils can first influence the soil texture and that the burning of OM with per at high levels can underestimate the texture classification. The second result, the largest soil aggregates are in the mesh with a larger diameter of 4mm, predominance of ores from the kaolinite literature with the presence of strengite, anastasium, albite, these minerals observed in TPA soils.