Perfil epidemiológico da saúde nutricional dos pescadores artesanais de São Caetano de Odivelas, Pará, Brasil.

Abstract

The object of the study is to evaluate the epidemiological profile of the nutritional health of artisanal fishermen in the city of São Caetano de Odivelas-PA, in the Salgado Region of the State of Pará. Objective: To identify the nutritional health profile through anthropometric measures of body mass index (BMI), to evaluate the relationship between fishermen's BMI and WC and WHR indicators; evaluate the risk indicators for chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as waist circumference (WC) and waist/hip ratio (WHR) related to the risks of incidence of CNCDs reported by the population; identify possible risk factors for malnutrition in the population. The study is cross-sectional, with a quantitative approach, of an applied nature with a field procedure and with a descriptive objective. Data collection took place with the participation of 78 professional fishermen of both sexes, within the estimate of 209 directly linked to the Colony of Fishermen Zona-04. A modified questionnaire with socioeconomic and demographic information was applied, as well as the measurement of primary anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences) to calculate WHR and BMI as indicators of nutritional health applied in SISVAN/M.S. For the assessment of possible risks of malnutrition, the self-screening program was applied, based on the 'Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool' ('MUST'). For analysis, the data were double-checked in the Microsoft Office Excel® 2016 program and descriptive statistical analysis was applied; t-test; linear regression statistics; multivariate analysis of Principal Components – PCA and Spearman's correlation analysis; linear relationship through logistic regression; chi-square statistical analysis. For all these statistical analyses, a significance coefficient of 5% and Software R were used. It was verified that 97.43% of the fishermen evaluated in the research are male, with an insignificant participation of women (2.56%) in the direct practice of regional fisheries. Among men, 58.99% showed excessive nutritional dysfunction. When comparing BMI between sociodemographic factors, a significant difference in high BMI was observed among those who earn above a minimum wage and have some CNCD, as well as BMI with lower values among those who earn below a minimum wage and without DCNT. When assessing the association between BMI and non-communicable disease risk indicators (WC and WHR), a positive correlation between the indicators was highlighted. In the assessment of WC among men, it resulted that 39.48% were ≥ 94cm, as well as 10.52% (8) of men had WHR >1, thus characterizing this contingent at risk of CNCD. A significant relationship was observed when analyzing the WC and WHR indicators associated with non-transmissible chronic diseases reported by fishermen. When assessing the fishermen's risk of malnutrition, it was deduced that 93.58% were free of the malnutrition parameter due to lack of nutrients. The context of the nutritional health profile of fishermen in São Caetano de Odivelas demonstrates a relevant imbalance when assessing BMI, WC and WHR and their relationships. Therefore, these results highlight the importance of implementing measures to prevent and control overweight and obesity among fishermen, such as promoting healthy eating habits and regular physical activity. In addition, nutritional and health surveillance measures must be integrated into fishing activities to identify and treat chronic non-communicable diseases in the population at an early stage.