Identificação de espécies vegetais de floresta remanescente em área de mineração na Amazônia Oriental

Abstract

The association of scientific names to plants, from common names, has resortedtomany errors in the validation of many species in forest environments. Little associatedmorphological data and no consistent knowledge of plant morphology has beenthemain cause of the high number of errors. With this, the use of molecular techniques hasbeen used as complementary tools in the process of specific identification of several plant taxa. The present study aimed to register plant species, based on morphological and molecular analyses, to ensure successful monitoring of plant species in post-miningrecovery areas in the Southeast of the state of Pará, Eastern Amazon. The foliar samplesof the trees were obtained in the area owned by the company Mineração ParagominasS.A., located approximately 70 km from the municipality of Paragominas, southeast of the state of Pará. In the field, samples were collected and processed, which were takento the laboratory and subjected to dehydration for drying. Subsequently, basedonmorphological analyses, identification was carried out by comparison withtheherbarium collection of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental and validation of scientific names. Leaf samples, collected in the field and preserved in silica, underwent molecular analysis, from the extraction of DNA from plant samples (CTAB- Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide), quantification, amplification (PCR), purificationandsequencing. All trees were identified, in the field, by identifying what was associatedwith their respective common name. The identification of plant specimens was carriedout down to the species level, using the two identification methods proposed inthisresearch. According to the botanical identification, five genera distributed infour families were identified: Croton sp. (Maravuvuia) belonging to the Euphorbiaceaefamily; Ecclinusa sp. (Abiu-seringarana) and Pouteria sp. (Abiu), both belonging totheSapotaceae; Vismia sp. (Pau-de-lacre) belonging to the Hypericaceae family, andZanthoxylum sp. (Tamanqueira) of the Rutaceae family. Regarding the DNAanalysis, all samples were significant in the amplification process (PCR) and sequencing, of which, all specimens were identified at the species level, they are: Croton matourensisAubl., Ecclinusa guianensis Eyma, Pouteria venosa subsp. amazonica T.D. Penn., Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam, Vismia glaziovii Hieron and Vismia gracilis Hieron, inwhich all species corresponded with the botanical analysis at the genus level. Given these results, it is concluded that the methodologies used are efficient for the taxonomicidentification of plants known by their common names in the remaining forests of mining in the Eastern Amazon. With this, it is suggested that the traditional analysis of identification of plant species be complemented with moleculares tools, thus reducingerrors in the identification of plant specimens from the Amazon rainforest