Efeito do lodo de curtume como substrato no crescimento de plântulas do açaizeiro, cultivar BRS-Pará.

Abstract

In the industry of tanning treatment of industrial effluents produces a solid residue known as sludge. The high cost of storage and / or burning of waste, induce inappropriate behavior, such as disposal in inappropriate places of nature, such as water bodies, industrial landfills or illegal dumps. Such practices are of high environmental risk, because the sludge has a high contamination due to existence of high levels of toxic metals, especially chromium, if not properly treated, causing pollution of aquifers and the soil itself. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of tannery sludge on soil fertility, growth and chemical composition of the açaí, and the potential phytoremediator plant. The study was conducted under nursery conditions installed in the Research Campus of Emílio Goeldi Museum, using tannery sludge to soil, seedlings of açai (Euterpe oleracea Martius) cultivar BRSPara ", for ornamental. The sludge used in the experiment was characterized chemically (pH, organic matter, C, N, C: N ratio, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Zn, Fe, Cd, Mn, Cr and Pb), and mixed with a soil classified as Fluvic in the following proportions of silt: 0% (T0), 50% (T1), 70% (T2), 75% (T3), 80% (T4) and 100% (T5). A completely randomized design with six treatments and five replications. At 180 days after sowing, were made assessments and collection of material. The evaluations consisted of measurement of height, diameter, root length and dry weight (shoot, root and total). Dry weight were determined by the following chemical analysis: K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn. In substrates used as treatments were determined pH, organic matter, N, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn. There was greater accumulation of chromium and iron in the roots, while the shoot was greater accumulation of zinc and manganese, but no significant difference. The sludge from the liming promoted the reduction in soil acidity and increased levels of organic matter, N, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn. The development of seedlings of açaí was inhibited, with symptoms of phytotoxicity in the roots, caused by sludge liming. The açaí not presented potential phytoremediation.