O Perfil pesqueiro comunitário e a conservação de espécies em ambientes rurais amazônicos: estudo de caso no nordeste paraense.

Abstract

Based on the local knowledge of traditional communities, the objective of the present research was to characterize the fishing systems of the rural communities Boca Nova and Capoeiro located in the Northeast of Pará, to identify conservation systems, understand the human-nature relationship and the governance context. For this, using the non-probabilistic snowball sampling method, semi-structured questionnaires were applied, with open and closed questions of socioeconomic and environmental character, to obtain information that served as a basis for the construction of a matrix of attributes, considering the Social, Technological, Economic, Ecological and Management dimensions for later use of the RAPFISH method. After data collection, a matrix was created where the rows represented the characteristics of the fishermen and the columns the attributes of the dimensions studied. This matrix was submitted to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) aimingr to check the‘degree’ of influence of the attributes of the dimensions, followed by the Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis in order to scale the ordering of the systems found and, later, went through the Similiarity Profile Analysis in Cluster (SIMPROF) to ordering the attributes that best explained the groups found. Eight attributes were identified that helped to identify five fishing systems (considering the "Métier" method). These eight attributes and the five systems were subjected to a Redundancy Analysis (RDA), to verify the degree of sustainability of each one from two theoretical sets 'good' and 'bad', Two systems were considered sustainable (LOGI and HOGI). The traditionality found in the communities reflects negative anthropic influences linked to changes in the environment, illegal forms of capture, biological changes in species (size and distributions) and lack of governance. Thus, this study demonstrates that knowing the minutiae that permeate fisheries systems is of great importance for the development of management guidelines and appropriate management plans, especially if it considers traditional knowledge of those who reside in the area.