Organização agroindustrial e competitividade de empresas de laticínios no estado do Pará.

Abstract

The agribusiness competitiveness, as well as in other sectors of the economy stems from the ability to combine factors of production to survive in the market. The superior combination of these features and their direction to meet consumer expectations provide gains that confer competitive advantages to economic agents, ensuring superior economic performance and higher market shares. From this perspective, the aim of this thesis was to identify and analyze the competitive strategies used by dairy companies in the state of Pará that are inspected by the Federal Inspection Service of the Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA-DIPOA) and the Agricultural Protection Agency of the State of Pará (ADEPARÁ). The study was based on two theories, the first is about agribusiness production chains (CPA) and the second addresses the competitiveness models Structure-Conduct- Performance (SCP), Five Competitive Forces (CFC) and Systemic Competitiveness (CS). The method used in the study was cross-sectional survey the ex post facto, conducted through field research between the months of August 2011 and February 2012. Data collection was developed in the form of census and obtained the participation of 81% (30) of companies operating in the state. The data was quantitatively with statistical techniques, particularly the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and cluster analysis (AA). The results revealed that the industry is predominantly formed by micro and small enterprises, mostly enforced by the Federal Inspection Service (SIF), which operate on labor with low education, and who have mozzarella cheese on their product page. Corporate investment in recent years focused on process innovations to improve productivity and to adapt to environmental and health legislation. The role of professional associations in the region is weak and training infrastructure should be strengthened to improve the competitiveness of enterprises. The credit has become more accessible, being used by half of the companies. A factor analysis (EFA) enabled us to identify the factors that support the competitive strategies of firms and gathered 13 variables in four factors as "Structure of Production", "Business Management", "Environment locational" and "Competitive Performance". The weighting factor loadings calculated by the Index of Performance Competitive Systemic (ISDC) has ordered companies identifying that 6.7% (2) showed high competitiveness, 36% (11) intermediate and 57% (17) low. The cluster analysis gathered companies with similar strategies by identifying strategic groups. The technique has formed four groups termed as "Leaders", "Followers", "Ascending" and "unfit". The conclusion of the research is that the competitiveness of the dairy state is based on classical factors of competitiveness (capacity and production volume) and is based on the search for economies of scale as a way to raise barriers to entry and competitive advantage based on cost leadership. The study concludes with policy recommendations for the public and private sector, highlighting the core-satellite strategy, technical assistance, strengthening of cooperatives and training infrastructure.