Viabilidade econômico-financeira dos sistemas agroflorestais na Amazônia.

Abstract

One of the ways to evaluate the decision of investing or not in a business is the analysis of economic-financial viability and with the purpose of verifying this aspect, the present study was carried out with the objective of analyzing the economic-financial viability of the Agroforestry Systems in the Amazon. The present work is characterized as a bibliographical and documental field research, with multicase studies, of a qualitative and quantitative nature, and with the application of questionnaires. Two agricultural enterprises participated in this study, with a spatial cutout in the municipalities of Tomé-Açu, identified here as SAF 1 and Santa Bárbara do Pará, identified as SAF 2, both in the northeast of the state of Pará, and a temporal cutout of the year 2021. The aim was to survey the profiles of the establishments and production (primary products and processing), considering the characteristics of the different cycles of production and sale, which are particularities of the SAFs, especially with regard to income, the use of labor, and the use of inputs (expenses and costs). Afterwards the economic and financial indicators were calculated, and finally the analysis and final considerations. The AmazonSAF spreadsheet (ARCO-VERDE; AMARO, 2021) was used to consolidate the researched data, known as a data analysis system, elaborated by EMBRAPA researchers, which grouped the technical coefficients and calculated economic-financial indicators, which showed the financial return of the enterprise and the viability of the investment, also making it possible to visualize its profitability and the possibility of calling the attention of investors. The main source of bibliographic data was the EMBRAPA database, along with scientific articles, annals, dissertations, theses, and publications in specialized websites. Online and face-to-face interviews were conducted with farmers, applying semi-structured questionnaires, making it possible to obtain data in order to elaborate the cash flow, adjusting them to a discounted interest rate of 8.0% p.a., to thus estimate the technical coefficients, which helped to elaborate the feasibility indicators; VPL, VAE, TIR, TIRM, ROI, Payback e R B/C, for each FAS researched. Thus, it was concluded that the Agroforestry Systems of Tomé-Açu - SAF 1 and the Agroforestry System of Santa Bárbara do Pará - SAF 2, have economic and financial viability, because they present positive economic and financial indicators, which indicate that the enterprise has viability, allowing the farmer to grow products and raise small animals, enough for the whole year he can maintain his food sovereignty and that of his family, and market the surplus production.