Análise da implantação de tecnologias alternativas em gestão comunitária, na comunidade Tracateua, município de Moju, Pará, Brasil

Abstract

The goal of this study is to describe the reality of family farmers in the Tracateua community, in the municipality of Moju and identify the socioeconomic and productive characteristics of farms and to verify the response to organic fertilizers for three important crops (rice, the datil pepper, and yellow passion fruit), the aim was to direct possible actions for strengthening family agriculture by administering doses of an organic compound and conducting diagnosis and testing under greenhouse conditions. In order to achieve this goal, descriptive and exploratory research was conducted in the form of a case study with data collection, in-depth interviews (semi-structured and unstructured), and a research questionnaire. The questions addressed aspects related to social life, the economic activities of farmers, and environmental issues.A descriptive analysis of the data was conducted through an arithmetic average study and statistical analysis using the SPSS program to determine the Pearson (r) correlation coefficient and factor analysis regarding the main components. In addition, three experimental tests were conducted in greenhouses, using the soil of the area under study. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and four replicates. Each experimental plot consisted of a vase with a volume of 3.6dm3 of soil. Five doses of organic compound (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%) out of the substrate total volume were tested. The compound was produced with waste from nearby plantations in the community itself, formed by a mixture of 10% chicken bedding, 20% duck bedding, 15% cassava bark, 15% cassava leaf, 15% bean straw, 15% rice husk, and 10% corn cob. As for the relationships between the socioeconomic factors studied, the results showed a positive correlation between time in the community and family monthly income, other incomes, size of property, head of household’s education level, and farming area. The age of the head of the household correlated positively with number of children and negatively with his/her education level. The diversified production system variable had a positive influence on family income and obtaining other incomes and correlated with time in the community and property size. The property size variable positively influenced cultivation area, and head of household’s education level contributed to an increase in monthly family income. For the rice crop, it was found that within 90 days, the best results for the growth characteristics and dry matter production were achieved with a dose of 15% of the compound. In the other treatments, the plants perished. The content and accumulation of the macro and micronutrients in the rice shoots followed this descending order, respectively: N˃S˃K˃P˃Mg˃Ca>Fe>B˃Zn˃Mn˃Cu and K˃N˃S˃P˃Mg˃Ca>Fe>B>Zn>Mn>Cu. For the datil pepper crop, it was found that within 103 days, the best results for the growth characteristics and production were achieved with a dose of 60% of the compound. The content and accumulation of macro and micronutrients in 10 the foliar tissue of the pepper plants followed this descending order: N˃K≥S˃Ca≥Mg˃P˃Fe˃B˃Mn˃Zn˃Cu and N˃K˃S˃Mg˃Ca˃P˃Fe˃B˃Mn˃Zn˃Cu. In the fruits, the content, accumulation, and extraction of macro and micronutrients followed this order: N˃K˃S˃P˃Mg˃Ca˃Fe˃B˃Mn˃Zn˃Cu. In relation to the yellow passion fruit crop, it was found that within 97 days, the best results for the growth characteristics and dry matter production were achieved with a dose of 60% of the compound. The content and accumulation of macro and micronutrients in the foliar tissue of the yellow passion fruit plants followed this descending order: K˃N˃Ca˃P˃Mg≥ S˃Fe˃B˃Mn˃Zn˃Cu.