Agricultura familiar e o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE): uma análise no estado do Pará.

Abstract

Law nº 11.947/2009, which establishes the National School Feeding Program (PNAE), brought important advances, mainly with regard to stimulating family production with the establishment of a requirement of at least 30% for purchases of food from agriculture familiar with program features. The state of Pará has a significant share of family farming in the production of the state, representing 38.6% of the value of agricultural production and 85% of establishments, according to the 2017 IBGE Agricultural Census. The PNAE is an important public policy instrument aimed at ensuring healthy and adequate school meals. Based on this, the work aimed to analyze the PNAE and its interfaces with Family Agriculture in the state of Pará, from 2011 to 2019, based on the analysis of the management and control instruments of government public policies and the performance of the application of program resources in the state. Research was carried out in secondary sources, literature review with a qualitative approach using a descriptive and quantitative method with the use of descriptive statistics and regression. The information used for the research was obtained from the audit reports of the Public Draw Program of the Comptroller General of the Union (CGU), the portal of the National Fund for Education Development (FNDE), the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira ( Inep) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The results of the analysis of the CGU reports showed that there are problems related to irregularities in acquisitions, purchases from family farming below 30%, precarious conditions in the preparation and irregular supply of meals and, weak performance of the School Feeding Councils (CAE) in the execution of the PNAE in the state. The performance analysis showed that there was a reduction in the number of schools and public school students served by the program, as well as a reduction in the values passed on in the period. A positive result was the increase in purchases of family farming with PNAE resources, leading to the achievement of the percentage of 30% by all Pará mesoregions in the year 2019. In general terms, the results of the analysis of the systematic review are very similar to those found for the state of Pará. Studies in other regions have also shown advances in the increase in purchases from family farming and in the offer of healthier foods for school feeding, however, they show results that indicate that there is still much to be done to achieve a satisfactory performance of the program. There are still problems such as little interaction between local managers and family farmers, poorly organized family farmers, lack of structure for the School Feeding Councils and lack of equipment for storing fresh food. All these obstacles prevent greater purchases of products from family farming and, therefore, make it difficult to meet the minimum purchase of 30% with program resources.