Diversidade taxonômica de comunidade de besouros arborícolas: dinâmica espacial em ambientes impactados por mineração.

Abstract

Differences in species composition between local communities (β diversity) depend on several factors biotic and abiotic as environmental conditions and biological interactions. Knowledge of elements such as the richness and abundance of beetles, characterized by response to changes in the environment, are decisive for the maintenance of forest environments and their biodiversity. With this, the objective is to understand the spatial dynamics and dissimilarity of the weevil beetle community arboreal in two habitats with different plant structures in Eastern Amazonia. The study was carried out in the municipality of Paragominas (PA), two forest fragments were selected in a bauxite mining area: a remnant of natural forest and an area undergoing natural recovery after 5 years of closure of bauxite mining activities. At each site seven 250 × 4 m (1 000 m²) transects were selected, where all trees and shrubs with a circumference at breast height of > 10 cm and leaf area height up to 10 m were sampled. The collections were carried out bimonthly from January 2019 to January 2020, where the collection of beetles was used the arboreal arthropod collector, to assess species composition across habitats, Hill number diversity profiling, diversity partitioning, and β diversity. In total, 465 specimens were captured, with a predominance of the subfamilies Curculioninae (45%) and Baridenae (21%), the five most abundant morphospecies were Anthonomus sp1 (136 ind. 30%), Mandarini sp1 (72 ind. 16%), Anthonomus sp2 (26 ind. 6%), Cryptorhynchini sp1 (25 ind. 6%) and Udeus_sp1 (14 ind. 3%). The forest area showed no difference in total beta diversity when compared to the natural regeneration area. Species turnover was the main contributor to β-diversity (92.2%), while nesting contributed 7.8%. We found a positive relationship between total β diversity and the geographical distance when beetle communities from both habitats were combined (Mantel test: r = 0.2771 P = 0.012). Our results illustrate the significance of turnover in the regeneration area and demonstrate that the composition pattern of beetles is a function of environmental factors, and that it is necessary to monitor and evaluate the ecological processes in the area, in order to guarantee the success of natural regeneration.