Concentração de mercado e fluxo de exportações da cadeia produtiva da soja no Brasil

Abstract

This study was conducted to quantify and evaluate the strategies to maintain and increase the market power and the governance in soybean production chain by dominant firms. The concentration of the market in all segments of soybean production chain was measured through the market share and concentration ratio and the Herfindah]-Hirschmann. This study confirmed the hypothesis that the market that provides inputs for soybean farmers is highly concentrated, mainly in segments of the transgenic seeds, pesticides, fertilizers and agricultural machinery. The assumption of high concentration segment of acquisition and processing of soybeans was also confirmed. Through the estimation of three econometric models, for exports of soybeans, soybean meal and soybean oil, was calculated price elastícities, price income and cross of the supply. The results showed that exports of soybeans and soybean meal are inelastic to price and exports of soybean oil are elastic. We also measured the importance of the exchange rate, the domestic income and foreign income for the soy complex exports. It was concluded that soybean farmers find themselves in a situation of economic weakness, because: 1) acquire inputs in oligopoly market and sell produce in the oligopsonized market, 2) your product is inelastic to price and, 3) the dominant firms are protected by barriers to entry. Given this, it was recommended that the Brazilian government uses mechanisms of economic policy for regional development plan and mitigate market imperfections that constrain the process of capital accumulation in soybean farmer.