Flutuação populacional da mosca-da-carambola no sul do estado do amapá em função de métodos de controle e de fatores meteorológicos.

Abstract

The carambola fruit fly (Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock) is a quarantine pest of great expression for Brazilian fruit growing. Currently, its occurrence is restricted to the states of Amapá, Pará and Roraima, under the strict control of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply - MAPA, which coordinates an official eradication program. The spread of the pest to other regions of Brazil would have serious economic, social and environmental implications. This work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the population fluctuation of the carambola fruit fly in the south of the state of Amapá as a function of control methods and meteorological factors. We use data on the occurrence of B. carambolae in traps (Jackson and McPhail types) and control methods (collection and destruction of fruits, Male Annihilation Technique - TAM and spraying of toxic bait) of the “Subprogram for Suppression with a View to Eradicate the Carambola Fruit Fly”, by MAPA, in the municipalities of Mazagão, Laranjal do Jari and Vitória do Jari, from January 2015 to December 2019. The influence of control methods and meteorological variables on the occurrence of B. carambolae in the sampled municipalities was investigated using Generalized Linear Models - GLMs. Meteorological data from 10 and 25 days prior to the evaluations were used based on the average duration of the pupa-adult (10 days) and egg-adult (25 days) phases of B. carambolae, in order to verify the effect of these variables on the different insect life stages. Meteorological data were obtained from the Agrometeorological Monitoring System - INMET from Porto de Moz/PA (closer to the municipalities of Laranjal do Jari and Vitória do Jari) and Macapá (closer to the municipality of Mazagão). In the municipalities of Mazagão and Laranjal do Jari, the total population of B. carambolae captured in the Jackson and McPhail traps was higher in the years 2015 and 2016, in relation to the rest of the collection period. For these municipalities, the additive and multiplicative analyzes indicated a strong downward trend (trend) in occurrences between July 2015 and December 2017, after which this trend began to stabilize. It was possible to observe the existence of a seasonal component in the time series with two defined peaks, in mid-March and early August. In Vitória do Jari, few specimens were captured during the study period, not allowing many inferences. In Mazagão and Laranjal do Jari, McPhail traps captured more specimens than Jackson traps. The control methods showed a significant negative relationship for the municipality of Laranjal do Jari at 10 and 25 days prior to at least one of the actions, a fact that was not repeated in Mazagão. In contrast, the meteorological factors of daily precipitation and daily evaporation caused a positive and negative effect, respectively, on the occurrence of B. carambolae in Mazagão, obtaining a better fit at 25 days. This work highlighted the importance of maintaining control actions for B. carambolae in Amapá and presented suggestions to improve their efficiency.