Compreensão dos efeitos da adubação, bifurcação e textura de solo no crescimento das árvores e qualidade do lenho de Tachigali vulgaris para bioenergia.

Abstract

Using native species with potential for energy purposes in forest plantations is important for contributing to the sustainability of the Amazon region. Tachigali vulgaris has shown promise for the region, as it has the physical, chemical and thermal characteristics of wood suitable for bioenergy. However, various silvicultural aspects and their relationship with wood quality and tree growth need to be investigated in order to use the species more efficiently. the aim of the study is to investigate the effects of fertilization and forking in different soil textures on the wood quality and growth of T. vulgaris trees for energy purposes. The study area is located at the company Jari Celulose S.A., in the district of Monte Dourado, Almeirim (PA). The experiments were carried out on yellow latosols of different textures (sandy loam and very clayey) and two treatments were evaluated: without fertilization and with fertilization (320 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and 199 kg ha-1 of K2O). This dissertation is divided into three chapters. Chapter 1: The combined effects of diameter, height, fertilization, bifurcation and soil texture on the variation in the apparent density of T. vulgaris wood were evaluated. Chapter 2: A population equation was generated to estimate the basic density of T. vulgaris wood from the bulk density (12% moisture content) and the basic density classification (low density and medium density) was carried out for the T. vulgaris trees. Chapter 3: The characterization of growth rings and variation in chemical profiles in T. vulgaris trees was carried out. The results obtained in Chapter 1 showed that the average apparent density was 0.632 g cm-3. It was found that the variation in density between trees represents 39% and between longitudinal sections 69% of the total variation. In addition, the factors stem diameter and forking had a positive and negative influence on the species average apparent density, respectively. The results of Chapter 2 show that the population equation was suitable for estimating basic density from the apparent density of T. vulgaris wood. Finally, Chapter 3 provided important information on the influence of the factors tested on 3 chemical elements: calcium (Ca), sulphur (S) and silicon (Si). Forked trees had a higher concentration of Ca, while trees in clay soil had a higher concentration of Si. For the element S, there was no influence from the factors tested. The results obtained in these three chapters have contributed to a broader interpretation of the bioenergy potential of this species for use in commercial plantations in the Amazon.