Reconhecimento de espécies comerciais usando estrutura anatômica da madeira em área de manejo florestal no estado do Pará.

Abstract

To guarantee the sustainability of forest management, it is important that the species managed have the correct scientific identification. However, the methodology used in forest inventories, especially in the Amazon, leads to identification problems. Therefore, this study aims to adopt wood anatomy as a tool to minimize errors in identifying Amazonian wood species, associated with common names, and contribute to improvements in sustainable forest management. The study area is located in the Paru State Forest, in the municipality of Monte Alegre-PA. In a Forest Management Unit, five trees with five different common names (angelim-pedra, currupix·, muiracatiara, ipê-roxo and ipê-amarelo) were selected to obtain wood in the respective harvest, totaling 25 samples. After obtaining the wood samples in the field, the specimens were prepared macroscopic and microscopic anatomical characterization was carried out on each sample. The samples named as angelim-pedra were recognized as Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke and Hymenolobium excelsum Ducke. In samples of trees named currupix·, Micropholis guyanensis (A.DC.) Pierre, Micropholis melinoniana Pierre and Micropholis casiquiarensi AubrÈv were recognized. The name muiracatiara concentrated Astronium lecointei Ducke and Astronium graveolens Jacq. For the “ipê-roxo” and “ipê-amarelo” groups, four distinct species of the Handroanthus genus were found and the macroscopic anatomy of the wood showed characters that allowed them to be differentiated, mainly by the type of axial parenchyma. Hymenolobium species share many characteristics in wood anatomy that only allow recognition up to the genus level by anatomical structures. Species of Micropholis are also very similar anatomically, and in this study it was possible to separate only Micropholis casiquiarensis Aubrév. down to the species level. The two species of Astronium combined under the name muiracatiara offer arrangements of anatomical structures in the wood that allow the species to be recognized individually. In groups that combine Handroanthus species under the common names ipê-amarelo and ipê-roxo, the anatomical structure, as type of axial parenchyma, allows the four species that were recorded to be differentiated. The study showed that there is inconsistency in the identification of species in areas under forest management and wood anatomy has the potential to minimize errors and contribute to sustainability in forest management in the Amazon.