Caracterização física de terra preta nova e de terra preta de índio no Pará.

Abstract

Most Amazonian soils have high acidity, low fertility and low cation exchange capacity. However, you can fínd throughout the Amazon stains soils e Indian black earth. They present as defining features ofthe high natural fertility, dark color on the horizon anthropogenic (Au). The objective ofthis research was to characterize the soil ofTerra Preta Nova and Dark Earth by means of physical properties. Studies coordinated by the researcher Clara Kern Dirse the Goeldi Museum underway in northeastern Pará, with the use of organic residues incorporated into the soil. The research was conducted in the municipality of Bragança and Thailand, both in Northeast Pará. The soil of the experiment Terra Preta Nova was classifíed as Alfísol, sandy texture franca. While the soil was classifíed as ICC Gleysol ofsandy loam texture. Five treatments in the experiment TPN, which are composed ofresidues of bone charcoal, sawdust and the residue triturated blade. The collections in the ICC were carried out in three areas of the Archaeological Site during the archaeological excavation work, these were called El SI - excavation area 1 and sector 1 (Profile 1), E1S2 - excavation area 1 and sector 2 (Profile 2) and adjacent area (Profile 3). The disturbed and undisturbed samples were collected in the range of 0.05-0.10 m depth. Regarding the values of bulk density (BD) treatment with coal had the lowest value (1.61 g cm-3) compared to other treatments. Ds values were lower at the E1S2 (1.28 g cm"3) of the ICC. The carbon treatment, showed the highest moisture (0sat = 0.33 g g"1), the soil saturated. And showed the highest water content (9g = 0.17 g g"1) at field capacity. The point E1S2 site of TPI, showed the highest moisture (0sat = 0.49 g g"1) in the saturation condition and higher water content (0g = 0.35 g g"1) the ability to field. The incorporation of organic residues selected from the experiment gave New Black Earth ground reduced density, increased porosity and water holding capacity of the soil, especially the residues of coal, wood and laminate bone. The Indian black earth have high organic matter content, which gives signifícant differences in physical attributes when compared to their respective adjacent soil.

Experiment New Black Earth (NBE) is a project funded by CNPq. The study is coordinated by Dr. Dirse Clara Kern and is being developed by the Goeldi Museum in the city of Thailand in the middle region ofthe Northeast of Pará. The experiment is an attempt to replicate the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of soils Indian black earth (IBE), which have high fertility and stability. The objective ofthis research was to characterize the soil of Black Earth Nova through the physical properties. The study soil was classified as Typic, texture sand franca. For this research we used five treatments ofthe experiment TPN, which are composed of residues of bone, charcoal, sawdust and waste ground blade. The disturbed and undisturbed samples were collected in the range of 0.05-0.10 m depth. There was the dominance ofthe sand fraction in ali parts of TPN compared the clay and silt. Regarding the values of bulk density (BD) treatment with coal had the lowest value (1.61 g cm'J) and was presented the highest value of total porosity (Pt) (0.36 cm3 cm"3) when compared with the other treatments. Predominated micropore volume in ali treatments. Treatment coal showed the most amount ofwater available (6g = 0.06 g g"1) compared to other treatments TPN. The carbon treatment, showed the highest moisture (0sat = 0.33 g g"1), the soil saturated. And showed the highest water content (Og = 0.17 g g'1) at field capacity. The incorporation of organic residues selected from the experiment gave New Black Earth ground reduced density, increased porosity and water holding capacity of the soil, especially the residues of coal, wood and laminate bone. Treatment with sawdust had higher values of bulk density, low porosity and low microporosity

Most Amazonian soils have high acidity, low nutrient content and low cation exchange capacity. However it is possible to find in the entire Amazon stains soils Indian black earth (IBE). They present as defming features ofthe high natural fertility, anthropogenic dark color on the horizon. The objective of this research was to characterize the soil black earth by means of physical properties. The soil samples were taken in Tortoise archaeological site in Bragança, under the project "Potential Environmental Impacts of Oil and Oil Transport in the Coastal Zone Amazon" coordinated by Dr. Maura Imazio da Silveira Emilio Goeldi Museum of Pará. The soil ofthis website belongs to the Order of Gleissolos. Samples were collected in three areas of archaeological site during the archaeological excavation work, these were called ElSI - excavation area 1 and sector 1 (Profile 1), E1S2 - excavation area 1 and sector 2 (Profile 2) and area adjacent (Profile 3). The samples were collected in the range of 0.05-0.10 m depth. The results showed that there was a predominance of the sand ffaction in the adjacent area in respect to TPI spots. Ds values were lower at the E1S2 (1.28 g cm3) of the ICC. The point E1S1 TPI showed lower value of Ds (1.48 g cm3) in relation to the adjacent area (1.55 g cm3). The values of Pt was higher point E1S2 (0.49 cm3 cm"3) ofthe ICC. The point El SI TPI showed higher Pt (0.42 cm3 cm"3) in relation to the adjacent area (0.40 cm3 cm'3). As compared to the size distribution of pores, were predominant in the volume of micropores in spots ICC and the adjacent area. The point E1S2 showed the highest amount of water available (0 = 0.17 g"1), followed by the adjacent area (6 = 0.16 g"1) and E1S1 point (0 = 0.10 g"1). In relation to the setting parameters ofthe water retention curve point E1S2 the site of TPI, showed the highest moisture (0sat = 0.49 g g"1), the soil saturated. And showed the highest water content (0g = 0.35 g g"1) at field capacity. The Indian black earth have high organic matter content, which gives significant differences in physical attributes when compared to their respective adjacent soil.