Ontogênese, multiplicação, enraizamento in vitro e aclimatização de quatro cultivares de pimenteira-do-reino (Piper nigrum L.).

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ontogeny, multiplication, rooting and acclimatization of in vitro cultivars of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) by application of tissue culture techniques. Evaluated the in vitro germination of cultivars Bento, Cingapura, Guajarina e Kuthiravally of black pepper when exposed to concentrations of 0.0, 0.10, 0.17 and 0.25 g L* of NakbPO, in é MS medium and 0.0 & L' NakbPO, in MS medium. Obtained the percentage of each phase of development of seedling during germination. In vitro multiplication, the design was completely randomized in factorial scheme 4 x 5, four cultivars and five combinations of TDZ x BAP [T1 (0,05 mg L” de TDZ x 0,5 mg L' BAP); T2 (0,05 mg L' de TDZ x 1,0 mg L' BAP); T3 (0,05 mg L' de TDZ x 2,0 mg L' BAP); T4 (0,0 mg L' de TDZ x 0,5 mg L' BAP) e T5 (0,0 mg L' de TDZ x 1,0 mg L' BAP)]. We carried out the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test for comparison of means for the number of buds and bud number of cultivar interaction treatment. Rooting in vitro, was tested four concentrations of sucrose (15, 30, 45 and 60 g L"' + control without sucrose) in 12 MS medium. The number of roots/shoot, length root/shoot, length of shoot and number of leaves/shoot were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey for comparison of means. In acclimatization, evaluated the influence of doses of sucrose used in rooting on the survival rate during acclimatization. For all cultivars, germination of black pepper is epigeal and fanerocotylar beginning of germination on 20" day and ending on the 90* day after sowing. Different concentrations of NaH2PO, influence the ontogenesis with different periods for the stage of germination, the concentration of 0.10 g L-1 in 4 MS suitable for germination in vitro. Treatment with TDZ x BAP induce witches, but with compromised quality. The presence of BAP only in the culture medium is most efficient for achieving greater number of buds. The sucrose concentration recommended for rooting in vitro is 30 gL. In this, there is the formation of roots to desirable aspects for acclimatization. Highest survival rates during acclimatization are obtained from the shoots rooting in vitro in culture medium with 30 g L” sucrose.