Agricultura urbana, segurança alimentar e os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável em três municípios da região metropolitana de Belém.

Abstract

In this approach, it was necessary to shed light on the sustainability of agricultural activity, as a human practice with complex and intricate environmental, economic and social aspects. The general objective of this thesis was to analyze urban agriculture in the context of food security and sustainable development goals in three municipalities in the metropolitan region of Belém. The methodology adopted for primary data collection was the application of a questionnaire on a Likert scale with field visits, from November 2023 to February 2024, concomitant with the participant observation technique. Data analysis was performed using multivariate factor analysis (MFA). The thesis was structured in five sections: title 1, which deals with the contextualization of the research; title 2, which addresses urban agriculture: responsible consumption and production, SDG 12/2030 agenda; title 3, on the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of urban farmers; title 4, which dealt with urban agriculture and food security; and Title 5, which addressed urban agriculture and the Sustainable Development Goals. In title 2, the main results show that the activity is linked to SDG 12 of the 2030/UN Agenda, of responsible consumption and production, generating social benefits to producers, such as: improvement in the quality of life, incentive to collective relations within the environments where the projects are carried out, produces inclusion and social entrepreneurship, in addition to stimulating citizenship, It contributes to food and nutritional security, promoting mental and physical health, harmony with nature, awareness of sustainable development, and also promotes traditional knowledge, also having an educational function. The sociodemographic characteristics of urban farmers explain their vocation for agricultural practice, as most producers come from the municipalities in the interior where their parents and grandparents already worked with agriculture, and they report their learning of traditional practices. In the three municipalities, the practice of agricultural activity contributes to food and nutritional security despite the challenges of farmers in technical, resource, economic, social and environmental factors. The resources had five points of greatest contribution: it promotes harmony with nature; mental and physical health; it stimulates citizenship; it is an important tool for inclusion and social entrepreneurship; and it contributes to improving the quality of life. Regarding contributions to food and nutrition security: the activity offers food and nutrition security; The sale of surplus production has given no family member the opportunity to eat less, to save food, and that production reduces the worry of food running out before they are able to buy it again. On another point, the agricultural practice in the cities interviewed offers contributions to the fulfillment of 12 SDGs, with emphasis on the municipality of Ananindeua, which was better assisted in the three spheres of government, as the interviewees report the incentives received as fundamental for the continuity of production, especially the dynamics of access to the city hall and extension companies. In Marituba, farmers demonstrate success in their activity and report, partially, that there is collaboration in public policies. However, in Belém the reality presented by the interviewees is more divergent, as farmers manifest a lack of public policies.