Monitoramento hídrico da bacia hidrográfica do rio Caeté, através de análise físico-química e vazão, região nordeste do estado do Pará.

Abstract

The hydrographic basins are important units for the management of water resources. Society has a growing need for water in many ways. Brazil has the largest freshwater reserves around the world, with availability estimated at 12% of the entire planet. The hydrographic basins have a very important role as a reference in decision-making to formulate public policies focusing on planning and territorial management. The hydrographic basin of Caeté River has an area of 2,141.96 km2 , 149 km long from the main river, draining part of six towns in the Mesoregion of Northeast of the State of Pará, Bragantina and Guamá microregions. The source of the Caeté River is in a town named Bonito in the State of Pará, this river runs through other 5 (five) towns: Ourém, Capanema, Tracuateua, Santa Luzia of Pará and Bragança. The fieldwork to collect and measure the water of the hydrographic basin in the Caeté River takes place from the source in the town of Bonito until the town of Santa Luzia of Pará, with 11 points established according to location with specifications for collection and measurement of the surface water obtained at 3 (three) levels of depth with the surface specifications, depth of 1.00m and depth of 1.50m, which totaled 22 specifications with location and depth as factors. The measurements for the physical-chemical analysis of the water are made in two moments, the first one is the moment of the water collection in loco in Caeté River and the second one happens in LABEMA, the laboratory of UFRA Capanema. There are also other five points that the flow measurement happens in the town of Bonito. The equipment used are Van Dorn Bottle, Multiparameter Probe, Turbidimeter, Colorimeter and Hydrometric windlass. The Hydrographic Basin constitutes a space for planning and managing water resources and their environmental interactions. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are related to River Basins, in which 10 SDGs have some relationship with River Basins, through 31 goals. SDG 6 has a greater relationship with River Basins, however there is also a relationship with SDGs 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13 and 15. The study reached the annual data collection cycle. 22 data collections were performed between January 25th, 2023 and January 16th, 2024. A descriptive analysis was performed using the data from the physical-chemical analysis of the water, using measurements shown in tables and graphs. After that, a correlation matrix was built for the variables. In the sequence a principal component analysis study was performed and it is presented in the Biplot graph and at the end a cluster analysis was performed. With the flow data, obtained through on-site measurements in 5 locations in the municipality of Bonito-PA and in 1 location through the Fluviometric Station managed by the National Water and Basic Sanitation Agency in the municipality of Bragança-PA, a descriptive statistical analysis was carried out. and time series in the Caeté River Basin.