Caracterização estrutural de populações de palmeiras com ocorrência no parque ecológico do Município de Belém.

Abstract

The Ecological Park ofthe Municipal district of Belém, is located among the neighborhoods of Valof-Cães and Marambaia, Belém-Pará. Possesses 44,06ha, being formed by forest offirm earth and goes meadow forest It goes being an area that contains remainders of original vegetation, it can be considered the refuge ofthe adoms and wild fauna what tums it an area of great environmental importance. However, tlie Ecological Park still lacks knowledge on the composition and stracture of her biota, in way to subsidize the handling still appropriate and the preservation of their natural resources. Seeking to contribute with information about the forestry and ecology, of fundamental importance goes the conservation and goes üie handling of the Park, lhe present study have the objective, to accomplish the study of the space distribution and horizontal and vertical stracture of the species of palm trees that happen in the area:, Euterpe oleracea Mart (açaí), Mauriiiella armata Burret (caranã), Mauritia flexuosa L.f.(buriti), Socratea exorrhiza Wende (paxiúba), Astrocaryum vulgare Mart (tucmnã). Were 3 classes ofsize Class I considered (CAP < 5cm and H >10cm), Class 11 (5cm < CAP < 10 cm) and class III (CAP >10 cm), hi each sample an area of 1 was delimited there (100 x lOOm). It goes the class of size in, the samples were divided in 4 portions of25 x lOOm, totaling 20 portions retângulas. It goes the class 11, tliey were raffled and allocated 4 portions 25 x 10m, inside ofthe portions of 25 x lOOm. It goes the study ofthe natural regeneration of palm trees or class I, it was used 4 portions of 5 x 5m, in each area. The areas were allocated with base in previous selection of points, goes the systematic method and tliey were located to the right and left margin along Canal São Joaquim, where there is adult representation of the species in study. The conditions of Üie palm trees were observed in relation to the estipe (cut, dead in foot and fali). Each palm tree was named with her common name, with individual estipes and touceiras, CAP and total height. It goes analysis ofthe dates simple variance analysis was used to test the stracture parameters (dependent variables) among the areas amostradas (factors)-SYSTAT version 1.0. Test was used the priore (it Tests Tukey) in order to determines which the areas amostradas was significantly different amongst themselves-SYSTAT version 1.0. Do In the 5 amostrados identiíied 5 species of palm trees have be distributed in 1.111 individuais with CAP < lOcm and 2295 individuais wiüi CAP>10cm. In the stractural analysis, the species with larger relative density were Euterpe oleracea and Mauritiella armata. It goes the parameters Relative Dominância, Important Value of índice the species Euterpe oleracea cam with larger value in the area 1, Mauritiella armata preseníed larger abundance in the areas a3, a4 and a5, proceeding oíMauritia flexuosa in the area a2. In the natural regeneration the largest number ofindividuais was registered in the class ofsize 1 (lOcm < H < 50cm) and the size class goes stratum the largest concentration of individuais was registered in the stratum 5 goes (CAP>25 cm). The space distribution was verified the random forms, joined and unifonn in lhe area ofthe study, being found the largest number of individuais in the joined form. The analysis of touceiras stracture (number of plants, touceiras and perfilhos), there was difference in the density of the species Euterpe oleracea in the analyzed portions, while goes the species Mauritiella armata difference was not detected in lhe portions. In the veriíication of the mortality ofpalm trees in the area ofthe study was observed that 83% of damaged individuais goes selective cut in the area plows of the species Euterpe oleracea, could be due to the palm heart retreat and extraction offfuits of that palm tree. In the individuais' observation died in foot, it was registered that the species Mauritiella armata presented larger individual number (33%) in the area a4 and (27%) in the area a5, with that damage.