Documentação do uso e valorização do óleo de piquiá (Caryocar villosum (Aubl) Pers.) e do leite do amapá - doce (Brosimum parinarioides Ducke) para a comunidade de Piquiatuba , Floresta Nacional do Tapajós. Estudos Físicos, Químicos, Fitoquímicos e Farmacológicos

Abstract

Piquiá (Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers.) and amapá-doce (Brosimum parinarioides spp. parinarioides Ducke) are species used by timber industries, and applied in the diet and popular medicine of the community of Piquiatuba, located within the National Forest of Tapajós, State of Pará. The initial contact with the community aimcd to identify which forest products were used by its habitants and the importance ofthe forest in their lives. Among the specics mentioned by the community, Caryocar villosum and Brosimum parinarioides were selected for this study because of the liítle information available on these in the specialized lileralurc. Caryocar villosum was found citcd in rclation to piquiá oil. The occurrcncc of piquiá was registered in different sites of the community, totalizing 52 trees. The survey of piquiá oil use in the community identified its use in the treatment of inflammation and pain. Based on this information research was conducted to determine the value of the phytotherapeutic using physical, chemical, phytochemical and pharmacological tests. The results revealed a high acidity and fatty acid leveis indicating that manipulation ofthe product ought to be more rigorous for effective conservation. The presence of carotenoids, steroids and triterpenoids characterize it as a phyotherapeutic and the indications of analgesic and antiinflammatory action in mice and rats respectively support the communities' traditional use. Concerning Brosimum parinarioides the product used is known as milk of amapá-doce, collected from cuts in the tree trunk. The trees most visited for collection were registered and counted (47 individuais) noting their distribution in different habitais in Piquiatuba. In the community amapá milk is used to treat respiratory diseases and for weakness. Physical, chemical, phytochemical and pharmacological tests were carried out. The results revealed 0,40% of ash, 120 mg/lOOg calcium, 58,1% water content, 70 mg/lOOg phosphorous, 60 mg/lOOg magnesium and 5,35 - 7,13% total protein; and the presence of alkaloids, antraquinonas, cumarina derivatives, steroids and triterpenoids, and purinas in its phytotherapeutic characterization. Studies of the type of cut to evaluate the yield of amapá milk sought a link between the management technique ofthe látex and the number of cuts and the cutting tool, in order to evaluate the most appropriate extraction technique. Results show that a rubber collectohs knife guarantees a good yield and causes less trunk damage. The information generated in this study is important evidence that tree species, timber or not, represent alternatives for the use and benefit of the local population, including possible income generation, from diverse products other than timber, the product visibly taken as the most important of the forest. It is hoped that these results contribute to the recognition of values other than timber of species and so provide an incentive for the multiple use of the forest and management practices which ensure the conservation of the species and the forest in general.