Características anatômicas e físicas da madeira de paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex. ducke), plantado em diferentes espaçamentos e condições ambientais no município de aurora do Pará - PA.

Abstract

The study characterized anatomically and physically wood Schizolobium amazonicum (paricá), planted at two spacings and two environments, in areas of the company Tramontina in the city of Aurora do Pará-PA. The research was divided in two parts: Study I, where we evaluated the influence of spacing (4 x 4 x 2m and 3m) on the physical and anatomical wood plantation with 7 years of age, and Study II, which was evaluated influence of the environment (poultry and full open) these characteristics of wood, planted with 9 years of age. Were taken from eight trees in each study, verifying the anatomical characteristics (pore diameter, length, width and thickness of the walls of the fibers) and physical (basic density volumetric contraction, longitudinal contraction tangentialcontraction and radial contraction) of the wood. The experimental design consisted completely randomized with factorial treatments, with factors like spacing and environments of plantations and the positions of the wood in the axial and transverse directions of the shaft. In both studies, for the longitudinal position factor, were removed from each tree, logs of 1.5 m length on the basis (0.30 m above the ground), at half the height of business and at the extreme upper of the torso. for the transverse position factor, boards were removed in the center of the log, despised the centers of the piece, taken from these boards , 6 pieces measuring 2 cm x 2 cm transversal section and 1.5 m length of wood close to the bark intermediate between the bark and and close to the spinal cord, where the bodies were removed from the test piece for the studies of anatomy, density and contraction. The spacing had no significant effect on the anatomical characteristics of wood paricá, influencing the basic density and longitudinal contraction. The species may be planted in the two spacings in accordance with the convenience of development or with the desired final product. Despite the length of the fiber are similar in the two spaces, the plant in less spacing , may be suitable for paper production, due to its higher number of trees per area. The species may be suitable for the manufacture of plywood, because the variations in fiber length, do not compromise the quality of the wood. For uses requiring a greater density, spacing is indicated 4 x 3m. The paricá can be planted in two environments, whereas little change occurred in the pore diameters, length and width of the fibers do not affect the quality of the wood. The environment cause significant variations in the cell wall fibers. There was also significant variation in the interaction of transverse x axial positions of the shaft, to the width of the fibers. Planting in the two environments studied is not intended for uses that require homogeneity in cell wall thickness of the fibers. The environment significantly influenced the basic density in the transverse position "intermediate x bark", with an average greater under full open. For uses that require a higher density, the environment fully open is best. The environment significantly influenced volumetriccontraction, longitudinal and tangential. There was also variation in volumetric contraction, longitudinal, tangential and radial directions in the axial and transverse shaft. The full open environment offers more security for uses where the smallest contraction of wood is a decisive factor.