Análise da paisagem e identificação de áreas prioritárias para restauração florestal na bacia do rio Arauaí, Moju, Pará

Abstract

Anthropogenic activities in the Amazon generate high rates of forest loss and fragmentation and characterize a threat to the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem services. In this context, forest restoration is becoming a growing activity, as an initiative to recover native vegetation and thus provide methodologies that identify priority areas for passive (natural regeneration) and active restoration (planting of seeds and seedlings) is important in the landscape context. The long history of occupation of the Arauai River basin, Moju, Pará, has generate great changes in the landscape, caused by the advance of economic activities such as cattle ranching and palm oil cultivation, and the result is a landscape composed of fragments of intact primary forests (25.1%) and degraded forest (24.02%), permeated by productive areas (24.72%) and regeneration forest (9.16%). In this context, the objective of this study was to define priority areas for forest restoration in the Arauai river basin using the Multicriteria Analysis method, following the steps: definition of criteria, identification of importance (weights) of the criteria and aggregation of criteria using the Weighted Linear Combination method. In this analysis, five criteria represented the landscape studied: the definition of the type of potential cover and use for restoration, proximity to the drainage network, proximity to forest fragments and distances to roads and highways. The result was two maps indicating priority areas for passive and active restoration. For the passive restoration, the study indicated that about 66% of the arca has médium priority for this forest restoration strategy, followed by 16.35% and 15.15% with low and high priorities, respectively. For active restoration, the results show that 31.82% ofthe arca presents médium priority for active restoration, 38.51% and 5.59% respectively represent low and high priorities for this atrategy. The priority maps for passive and active restoration can be used as instruments of environmental management, providing technical subsidies for restoration plans in small watershed of the Amazon.