Situação da piscicultura continental nas regiões do Guamá e rio Capim, Pará, Amazônia brasileira

Abstract

In the state of Pará-Brazil, the production of freshwater fish culture obtained 3,700 t in 2009, and this data is equivalent to 10% of production in this region, providing a source of food and supplementary income, especially for small farmers. Due to their social and economic importance, this study aimed to verify the development of fish farming in the state of Pará by socio-economic analysis, the production system and productive chain involved in the activity. To develop this study were selected cities distributed in two regions: Integration Region of Guamá that including the cities of Castanhal, Igarapé-açu, Santa Isabel do Pará and Terra Alta; Integration Region of Rio Capim, with the municipalities of Aurora do Pará, Bujaru, Capitão Poço, Concórdia do Pará, Ipixuna do Pará, Paragominas and Tomé-açu. Ninety forms were applied for fish farms directed to fattening fish, producers and suppliers of alevins, as well as forty-three interviews in the local market of supplies and other segments of the fish farming. The study was analyzed by univariate and bivariate statistics and application of Pearson correlation. In general, fish farming is practiced by men over 40 years, married, with low level of education and the agriculture is the main source of employment and income. The study reported two producers of alevins and ten suppliers of this raw material who together produce 12 million of alevins.ano-1, and eighty-four fattening farms of which 68% marketing share of its production and together produced 345,15 t.ano-1 of fish, equivalent to the gross revenue of R$ 2,208,050.00. Most fish farmers are small farms and grow mostly tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) in excavated tanks system and reservoirs, using hand labor family. The production, mostly consist of whole fish and marketed like fresh/in natura directly to consumers at an average price of R$ 6.90 kg-1. The main strengths are the fish farming in the studied are the few links of distribution between producer/consumer, availability of water area, action of major organ like the Secretaria de Estado de Pesca e Aquicultura (SEPAq) e Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio a Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE), presence of alevins producers and implementation of technical courses and higher level focused to agribusiness. Whereas the negative points of activity are the low genetic quality of alevins, the high price and low product variety of commercial feeds, lack of organization and professionalism of the productive sector, the lack of skilled labor for technical assistance, the informality of fish farms and lack of sanitary inspection of production.