Aspectos tecnológicos e moreoanatômicos de sementes maduras, lântulas e plantas jovens de Aspidosperma spruceanum Benth. Ex mull. arg. (Apocynaceae).

Abstract

The amazon region has a big diversity of vegetable, being considered one of the biggest of the world. However, less attention has been given when is about technologics and morphoanatomics studies of forests species seeds. Whin this, the aim of this work was study the germination, morphology, anatomy of mature seeds, seedlings and juvenile plants of the Aspidosperma spruceanum aiming lokk for biologics knowledge and seeds analysis, that will be propritious the use of this species in reforestation programs. The studies were made on Forests Seeds Laboratory (EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental) and on Vegetable Anatomy Laboratory (Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi). The methodology and terminology applied were specifics in each area, illustrating the mean characteristics with graperics, draws, photografs and pictures. The technologics results showed that were meaning fue differences between the fruits and the seeds of the analysed matrix for the biometrics basics, however, the size of the fruit doesnT have influence on the number of seeds by fruit. The specie produces fruit relatiraly big, an average of 17 seeds by fruits. The percentage of germination, average time and speed rate of germination don't differed meaning fully among the matrix seeds however, the middle ones showed that was a meanful difference between the temperatura and the substracts. The best rate of germination was made on 250C of temperatura, outstanding the vermiculite substract. It was found seeds of A. spruceanum don't present dormancy. Morphologically the seeds are winged and esternospermics, constituted by forehead, with germination by the fanerocotylar epigeal. Presents eophylls simples, opposite, petiolates and metaphylls are alternate and petiolate. Anatomicaly, testai and winged cells are elongated, heterodimensional, with mucilage presença, and internai coat presents epidermics cells, witer two to three layer of irregular parenquimatics cells and crystal of type drusa and calcium carbonate druses. The cotiledones present adaxial epiderm and abaxial unisseriaded, with polygonal form, heterodimensional cells, consistent anticlinal wall, filled by an incipient thin cuticle, without a stomats complex. By the results got it of the analysed parts of seeds of A. spruceanum can be conclude a better biological knowledgment of the specie, by the specifics characteristics and essential generated for it's deveiopment.