Diversidade, aspectos florísticos e ecológicos dos musgos (Bryophyta) da estação científica Ferreira Penna, Flona de Caxiuanã, Pará, Brasil.

Abstract

The Ferreira Penna Research Station (ECFPn) is situated at the Caxiuanã National Forest (1º 42’30”S e 51º 31’45”W), a national conservation area. The ECFPn has 33,000 ha, including part of the municipality of Melgaço, Pará State. This work deals with the inventory of the moss species (Bryophyta) in ecosystems of Terra Firme, Várzea, Igapó, savanna, and secondary forest. The aim of this study was to identify the mosses of the ECFPn, to evaluate quali- and quantitatively the species diversity, to record the type of substrate and ecosystem in which the species occurred and to increase the geographical distribution of species which were still unknown to the region. The randomized collections in the different ecosystems and substrate resulted in 81 species and 3 varieties, distributed in 37 genera and 19 families. The geographical distribution (in Brazil), type of habitat, morphological comments, and citations about description and illustrations published by other authors are given for each species. Moreover, identification keys for families, genera and species, besides illustrations in photomicroscope for new records and selected species are presented. Among the studied species, Taxithelium concavum (Hook.) Spruce ex J. Florsch. was new record to Brazil, Fissidens pauperculus M. Howe e Octoblepharum costatum H.A.Crum for the Brazilian Amazon and Syrrhopodon incompletus Schwägr. var. berteroanus (Brid.) W.D.Reese e Leucobryum crispum Müll.Hal. for the Pará State. The most frequent substrate was the corticicolous, followed by the epíxilous one. The ecosystems with the highest diversity of species were the Terra Firme and Várzea forest respectively. The results revealed relatively high species diversity in comparison with some other studied areas from Pará and from the Atlantic Forest (Atlantic Coastal Region).