Indicadores biológicos de qualidade do solo em uma cronossequência sob sistema plantio direto na Amazônia Oriental

Abstract

The soil management systems and the time of implantation provoke changes in the biological properties of the soil, considering the dynamic nature of the soil microorganisms. In this context, the study on biological indicators provides inputs for assessing the impact of systems on soil, which is related to the processes that occur in the ecosystem and which depends on long-term sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in biological indicators due to the time of implantation of the no - tillage (NT) in the Eastem Amazon. The study was carried out in the city of Paragominas (PA), where arcas under NT were selected with 4 (NT4), 6 (NT6), 10 (NT10) and 12 (NT12) years, an arca under conventional system (CS) another under native vegetation (NV). Samples were collected at 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm depths of a very clayey Yellow Latosol at two seasons of the year (rainy and dry). A completely randomized design was used, in subdivided plots, with four replications. The values of NLoL;ii, Nmic, NO3" and NH/ in the soil were quantified and the mineralization (SMR) and soil nitrification (SNR) rates were evaluated and the Nmic: Ntotai ratio was evaluated. In addition, organic carbon (OC), C-MSB and basal respiration of the soil were quantified. The results showed that the Ntotai was slightly altered with the increase of the NT time, showing no difference between the evaluated ages. In soils under NT, Nmic tends to be increased, preferentially, in the superficial layer (0-5 cm), NT10 and NT12 being the largest contributors of this fraction in the soil. In general, NT increased N-NO3" and N-NHf1" leveis in the soil in relation to CS, with emphasis on NT10 and NT12, which were similar to NV, evidencing the influence of system time on N-cycling. The time of implantation of up to 12 years of NT was not sufficient to cause significant changes of SOC in the soil. The microbial C content was similar among ali soils under NT. The NT over time caused small changes in the biological attributes of the soil, suggesting that over time the system can promote the soil similarity to its original conditions after conversion to production systems.