Caracterização anatômica em diferentes ambientes e óleos essenciais de cinco espécimes de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.

Abstract

The oil-resin of C. langsdorffii is produced within the secretory structures, whose anatomical studies are rare, especially at different stages of plant development. It is a species with normal initial growth, but it is slow in the subsequent phase. Are few studies on the chemical composition of intra-specific essential oil in different plant organs. The aim of this study was to characterize the anatomy of secretory elements in vegetative organs at different stages of development and environment, test the effects of heat stress and intensity and light quality on young plants, and analyze the content and perform identification of chemical constituents of essential oil in different organs of the adult plant. The anatomical study was performed using the native plant material on the campus of UFLA, Lavras-MG and was sued by light microscopy and electron. After thirty days of the onset of germination, the young plants firom seeds were acclimatized in two experiments: under bine mesh, red and black (50%), black (70%) and full sun, the second experiment was conducted in chambers BODs temperatures: 15 ° C, 25 ° C, 35 ° C, and the witness, who remained in the greenhouse (29 C). Samples of leaf, stem, pericarp and seeds were cut, packed and stored at -20 ° C freezer for subsequent extraction of essential oil by hydrodistillation in Clevenger. We measured the essential oil content in 240 samples of leaves, stems and pericarps, each organ was analyzed in five different specimens and four different times of hydrodistillation. The chemical composition was identified by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry firom five samples of leaves, stems and pericarps and four samples of seeds. The essential oil accumulates in secretory cavities in leaves, and secretory ducts in the stem of juvenile and adult plants. In both experiments under different environments, it was found variations in stomatal density, thickness of mesophyll leaf arca and dry biomass production, for the seedlings grown under mesh red and bine for the young plants under 25 ° C, which became stronger, with better conditions morphoanatomical in vegetative organs, structures and leaves. There was significant variation in leveis of essential oil firom organs and specimens, the highest yield observed in the pericarp, followed by leaves and stems. 5-elemene, a-copaenee, (l-cubcbcnc. ciperene, (l-caryophyillcnc. coumarin, germacrene D, viridiflorene, bicyclogermacrene, 5-cadinene, spathulenol, caryophyllene óxide, epóxide of humulene II, /.vo-spatluilcnol. y/v-a-muurolol. a-muurolol, a-cadinol e (2E, 6/•.')- famesoato de metila. A significant intraspecific variation and a greater similarity between the chemical constituents ofleaves and stems.