Morfometria de frutos, sementes, desenvolvimento pósseminal, plântulas e de plantas jovens e fisiologia de sementes de Vouacapoua americana Aubl. (Leguminosae)

Abstract

Vouacapoua americana Aubl. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae) is considered as one of the most noble and sought-after woodland of the Amazon and due to the great exploitation is in danger of extinction. The objective of this study was to perform the morphometric characterization of the fruit, seed, post-seminal development, seedling and young plant, besides evaluating the germination process of acapu matrices. The propagules were collected under the soil, in the area of projection of the crown of 23 matrices, in the municipality of Moju-PA. They were then transported to the Embrapa Amazonia Oriental plant propagation laboratory. For the biometry, 50 fruits of each matrix were used, measuring the length, width and thickness with the aid of a digital caliper and to evaluate the germination process was carried out germination test with seeds of nine matrices. To perform the morphometry of the structures present in the post-seminal development, of the young plants and seedlings were used 250 seeds, distributed in 25 containers, each containing 10 seeds. The botanical material from each vase was randomly withdrawn every two days. The fruits present in average, mass of 46,11g, length of 67,56 mm, width of 39,37 mm and thickness of 40,39 mm. While the seeds present in average, mass of 33.98 g, length of 48.7 mm, width of 34.55 mm and thickness of 35.43 mm. The matrices EDC 1172, EDC 780, EDC 1178, EDC 788, EDC 1177, EDC 789 and EDC 781 were the ones that produced fruits with the largest dimensions. The fruit is a simple, dry, dehiscent vegetable with a seed. The seed is oval with a reddish brown forehead. The majority of the matrices presented germination superior to 63%, being faneroge with eofilos and metafilos formed from 34 and 70 days, respectively. Acapu presents wide variability in its biometric and germinative characteristics, probably presenting great genetic variability.