Interface Solo-Planta-Animal em sistemas agroflorestais visando a produção ecológica na pecuária

Abstract

The degradation of pastures has plagued the Brazilian cattle industry. The degraded areas are often abandoned, resulting in secondary forests. A secondary forest largely in the Eastern Amazon region is formed by the palm babassu (Attalea speciosa Mart). An alternative to the reincorporation of these areas under secondary forest in the production system is the creation of integrated forestpasture systems, resulting in silvopastoral systems. These models refer to techniques that integrate production of animals, trees, and forage in the same area. In this regard, possible to preserve native species, such as babassu, can improve the soil quality, increasing the mass quantity and quality of forage available, and therefore increase the performance of the animals. However, there are deficiencies related to the understanding of physiological changes, agronomic and nutritional grasses, the grazing ruminants features and performance, the physicochemical changes in the soil and nutrient cycling in a position to SSP tropical grass x babassu forest. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of silvopastoral system of training babassu and Mombasa grass, to determine: whether the adoption of SPS in secondary forest promotes restoration and conservation of soil properties, keeping it similar to forest or allows you to change its characteristics; which soil properties are most affected by land use and cover; as is the accumulation mechanisms, decomposition and release of nutrients from litter; identification of their contribution to the pasture litter nutrient cycling in integrated systems; which highlight the main features of nutrient cycling are affected by forest thinning; evaluate the effects of moderate and high levels of shading on the growth of Mombasa grass in areas of babassu, comparing them with a conventional system in full sun; characterize the pasture, the performance and productivity of sheep in these systems compared to conventional operating sitema. It was observed that the presence of the tree component because the restoration and maintenance of the conditions of the soil, and that the main beneficiaries are the attributes organic matter, exchange cation and sum of bases. The thinning of the forage planting causes reduction of litter input, but not its rate of decomposition, however, the litter pasture increases the organic material contribution in the soil and increases nutrient cycling rate. Forage in integrated environments has greater elongation rate of tissue and less acúmudo biomass and major atribuos affected by shade are tillering, elongation of leaves and stems, the dry matter content and the dry matter accumulation. The apascentado sheep in integrated systems have lower performance because these environments are hot and humid and have low forage density, which affects grazing, and possess fewer hours of daylight.