Resgate in vitro de híbridos interespecíficos de dendezeiro (Elaeis guineensis x Elaeis oleifera)

Abstract

The Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) it is a plant originated from Africa. The genus Elaeis has distribution in the African continent and tropical America, comprehend for two species defined taxonomically: Elaeis guineensis Jacq - known as oil palm truth, and the Elaeis oleifera (H.B.K) Cortés - known as caiaué or oil palm of the Amazônia. Currently, there is a disease that is becoming more harmful, the "Yellowish Fatal", that it has as main symptom an almost imperceptible Yellowish of the basal of the leaves youngest taking the death of the plant. Amongst the alternatives of genetic improvement, the attainment of interespecifics hybrids (E. guineensis x E. oleifera), although the present oil production be 20% minor that the oil palm, will become the only form to make possible the oil production of palm in those areas affected for diseases as the yellowish fatal. The work was constituted of stages of oxidation control, asepsis, rescue of zygotic embryos and plantlets formations. The present work had as objective to establish a viable protocol for regeneration of zygotic embryos derived of the interspecifics hybrids (E.guineensis x E.oleifera) to be used in programs of genetic improvement. For asepsis, hybrids seeds of oil palm of SJ 165 variety that were disinfected with 1% of NaOCl getting the best results. The concentration of charcoal actived of 0,25% was more efficient against oxidation process. Also was observed the genotype x environment effect, being the variability CI- 2061 that had best responses in all traits realized , not being observed an influence of growth regulators ANA e BAP(0,5mg.L-1) at conversation of embryos in plantlets. The insertion of 0,17 g.L-1 de NaH2PO4 was fundamental in development of normal plantlets in acclimatization. It was possible getting plants in vitro in 4 months of subculture.